Honors Chemistry Vocabulary Quiz

Acid

  • a substance that increases the hydrogen (H+) concentration in a solution
  • These taste sour and can conduct an electric current in an aqueous solution
  • They react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas
  • They react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas
  • They turn blue litmus (Indicator) paper red
  • They neutralize bases

Dissociation/Ionization

  • Ions separate in the solution

Monoprotic Acid

  • Produces one hydrogen ion in an aquaeous soltuin since it contains 1 hydrogen in the chemical formula

What are some examples of Monoprotic acid

  • HCL, HNO3, HC2H3O2

Diprotic Acid

  • Produces two hydrogen ions in an aqueous soltuon since it contians two hydrogens in the chemical formula

What is an example of Diprotic Acid?

  • H2SO4, H2CO3

Triprotic Acid

  • Produces three hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution since it contains 3 hydrogens in the chemical formula

What is an example of triprotic acid?

  • H2PO4

Hydrogen Ion

  • Formed when hydrogen ions are attracted to the surrounding molecules (H3O+)

Base

  • Substance that produces hydroxide ions in a aqueous solution
  • These taste bitten and feel slippery
  • Can conduct an electric current in an aqueous solution
  • PH= above 7
  • Turn red litmus paper blue
  • These neutralize acids
  • These can react with a fat or oil to form soap

Monobasic Base

  • Produces one hydroxide ion in an aqueous solution since it contains one hydroxide in the chemical formula

What is an example of monobasic base?

  • NaOH and KOH

Dibasic base

  • Produces two hydroxides ions in an aqueous solution since it contains 2 hydroxide ions the chemical formula

What is an example of a dibasic base?

  • Mg(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2

Strong Acid

  • Ionize completely into hydrogen ions and negative ions

What is an example of a strong acid?

  • HCL, HNO3, H2SO4

Weak Acid

  • Ionize slightly in solution, where only a few acid molecules dissociate into hydrogen ions and negative ions

What is an example of Weak acid?

  • H3PO4, H2CO3, H2SO3, HNO2, and HC2H3O2

Strong Base

  • Ionize completely into positive ions and hydroxide ions

What is the strong base?

  • KOH, NaOH, LiOH, Ba(OH)2

Neutralization Reaction

  • A reaction between an acid and base that forms a salt and water

Anhydrous

  • Without water

Acid Anhydride

  • a non-metal oxide that reacts with water to form an acidic solution (acid)

Examples of Acid Anhydride

  • SO2, NO2, N2O5

Base Anhydride

  • A metallic oxide that reacts with water to form a basic solution (Base).

Examples of Base anhydride

  • CaO, MgO, Na2O

Indicators

  • Change the colors of solution based on pH identifying a acidic or basic solution

Example of indicators

  • Phenol red, litmus paper, phenolphthalein

Buffers

  • Able to resist small changes in pH but cannot prevent pH changes
  • Made by mixing a weak acid with its conjugate base or by mixing a weak base with its conjugate acid

Conjugate base

  • Substance that remains after hydrogen ions has been released by the acid

Conjugate acid

  • Substance formed when the base acquires hydrogen ions from the acid

Acidosis

  • A condition where blood pH is below 7.34
  • A condition brought on by failure to expel carbon dioxide from your lungs like with pneumonia or a heart attack
  • A condition that increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the body ultimately increasing the amount of carbonic acid in the blood

Alkalosis

  • A condition where blood pH is higher than 7.45
  • A condition brought on by releasing too much carbon dioxide from your lungs, like during hyperventilation
  • A condition that decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in your body and ultimately decreases the amount of carbonic acid in the blood

Titration

  • An analytical process used to determine the unknown concentration (molarity) of a solution

Standard solution

  • The solution in a titration of known concentration

End point

  • Point in titration where the solution changes color

Equivalence point

  • Point in titration where the number of moles of the base are equal to the number of moles of the acid.

Electrolytes

  • Can conduct an electric current in an aqueous solution

pH

  • Use to express the concentration of an acid of base by calculating the amount of hydrogen or hydronium ions in the solution

pOH

  • Used to express the concentration of an acid or base by calculating the amount of hydroxide ions in the solution

Bicarbonate Buffer System

  • Naturally found in the body to help maintain our blood pH level of 7.35-7.45

Acid Rain

  • rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when pollutants, like nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides, combine with water

Weak Base

  • Ionize slightly in solution where only a few base molecules dissociate into positive ions and hydroxide ions

What are examples of Weak base

  • NH3, CaCO3, Mg(OH)2, NaHCO3, and Ca(OH)2

pH

  • power of hydrogen

pOH

  • Power of hydroxide

Acid rain

  • Rain that has a pH lower than 5.6

Molarity

  • Moles of solute/liters of solution

Nucleic Acid

  • Made from acidic and basic components (DNA/RNA)

Amino acids

  • A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amine (-NH2) group
  • Combine to form proteins (there are 10-400 amino acids in each protein)
  • Are weak organic acids (20 different types and 10 are essential)

Carboxylic acid group

  • O=C-OH

Amine group

  • NH2

Proteins

  • Long chains of amino acids (Proteins are made in the ribosomes of cells and are connected by peptide bonds.

Peptide bond

  • The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another amino acid

Condensation Reaction

  • A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water

Dipeptide

  • Two amino acids bonded together

Fatty acid (Saturated)

  • A long chain hydrocarbon in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon are connected by single bonds and it ends in a carboxylic acid group (these long chains are non-polar)

Fatty acid (Unsaturated)

  • A long chain hydrocarbon in which at least one double bond occurs between the central carbons and it end in a carboxylic acid group (these long chains are non-polar)

Glycerol

  • A three carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to triglycerides
  • A three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon.