exam practice

What are the causes of emphysema and outline the possible effects on the respiratory system.

Cause :

Smoking

Fumes

Dust

Chemicals

Air pollution

Effects:

Alveoli damaged

Become swollen and inflamed

Loss of elasticity or alveoli

Surface area of walls of alveoli reduced

Air becomes trapped in the lungs

One main cause of emphysema is the fumes of smoking entering the lungs. The fumes from the smoke can damage the alveoli by causing them and air sacs to become inflamed and over inflate, the elasticity is lost in the alveoli and airways.The surface area of the walls of the alveoli are reduce and air gets trapped and there’s a reduce of gaseous exchange.

Eve has had cystic fibrosis since was she born. It was inherited from her parents due to a faulty gene. Explain the symptoms of cystic fibrosis [6 marks]

One symptom of cystic fibrosis is abnormal bowel movement due do your body not being able to absorb nutrients from food properly and not being able to regulate salt and water levels. In result it can cause abnormal bowel movement as digestion in the body wools not being able working at it fully capacity. Another symptom of cystic fibrosis is a reoccurring chest infection due to mucus in the oesophagus building up and not exiting the body which can cause viruses to grow. Another symptom of cystic fibrosis is infertility due to the body not being able to absorb nutrients which can cause irregular hormone levels making it hard to fall pregnant. One last symptom is shortness of breathe due to the small airways being blocked by mucus so your body is not able to bring any oxygen in to take a breathe making every day task challenging causing shortness of breath which can also cough a president cough due to the body trying to clear the airways to breathe.