Week 3 - Earthworks (2)
Page 1: Course Title
Construction Estimation and Quantity Surveying
Course Code: CONMGNT 1001
Focus Area: Earthworks
Page 2: Workshop Session Overview
Topics Covered:
Earthworks
Introduction to the Adelaide Aquatic Centre project
Reading and Interpreting Drawings
Architectural Drawings
Civil Drawings
Page 3: Course Learning Outcomes
Explain contractual arrangements in construction industry
Describe estimation process influenced by risk transfer in project delivery methods
Identify project scope breakdown into trade packages
Describe basic estimation principles for project bids
Estimate construction timelines and costs
Demonstrate ability to read and interpret technical engineering drawings
Page 4: Introduction to Earthmoving
Definition: Moving soil/rock from one location to another, processing to meet construction requirements (elevation, density, moisture content)
Page 5: Importance of Earthmoving
Necessary for:
Land Reclamation and Development
Building Developments
Road and Pavement Construction
Trenching
Dams
Slope Stabilization
Page 6-9: Case Study - Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok Airport
Overview of reclamation before and after the project
Emphasis on significance in modern construction and land reclamation practices
Page 10: Land Development
Topic: Residential Subdivision
Page 11: Risk Management in Development
Key Considerations:
Appetite for Risk:
Development Risk
Design Risk
Time Risk
Cost Risk
Existing Condition Risk
Funding Streams:
Capital vs Debt
Project Type
Designer Management
Page 12: Earthmoving Activities
Core Activities:
Excavating
Loading
Transporting (hauling)
Placing (dumping and spreading)
Compacting
Grading
Finishing
Page 13: Excavating Techniques
Excavation Equipment:
Backhoes
Excavators
Draglines
Clamshells
Dozers, Bobcats, Loaders, and Scrapers can also be utilized
Page 14: Backhoes
Overview of usage and capabilities
Page 15: Excavators - Loading Methods
Discussion on environmental suitability for excavators
Page 16: Mini Excavators
Best for landscaping and confined spaces
Advantages: Lower weight, works well in tight areas
Limitation: Limited digging depth
Page 17: Crawler Excavators
Described as:
Multi-purpose machines (most common)
Variety of attachments
Stability in rough terrain
Page 18-19: Versatility of Excavators
Different bucket types for varied tasks
Page 20: Piled Bank Stabilisation Example
Location: Torrens Lake, SA
Page 21: Long Reach Excavators
Features:
Reach in challenging areas
Functional in waterways
Balance improved by low center of gravity
Page 22: Ultra High Reach Demolition Excavator
Notable Features:
Largest of its kind in Australia
Weighs 160 tonnes
Reach up to 45 meters
Capability of cutting steel and concrete up to 1 meter thick
Page 23: General Characteristics of Excavators
Page 24: Shovels
Similar to excavators but designed for loading larger quantities
Page 25: Draglines
Key Uses:
Surface mining
Quarries
Large civil engineering projects
Mechanism: Dragging along surface, lifting and tilting to empty bucket
Page 26: Clamshells
Usage in dredging or heavy digging
Efficiency: Loading material effectively
Page 27: Loading and Hauling
Equipment Used:
Dozers
Front-end loaders
Dump trucks
Scrapers
Bobcats
Other equipment includes Excavators, Shovels, Backhoes, Draglines, and Clamshells.
Page 28: Dozers
Functionality: Move material via blade
Page 29: Dozer Features
Equipped with tynes or rippers for loosening compacted materials
Page 30: Loaders Function
Capable of scooping, lifting, and placing material into dump trucks
Page 31: Loader Efficiency
Attributes: High productivity, large bucket, short moving arm
Page 32: Bobcats
Definition: Scaled down loaders suited for low-volume earthworks
Page 33: Articulated Haul Trucks
Benefits:
Long-distance material shift
Handles inclines and rough conditions
Limitation: Limited capacity, often used in civil construction and surface mining
Page 34: Rigid Haul Trucks
Key Strengths: High load carrying capacity
Limitation: Handling slippery conditions and inclines
Commonly used in quarries and mines
Page 35: Characteristics of Rigid Haul Trucks
Page 36: Scrapers
Functions of Scrapers:
Excavates, loads, hauls, dumps material over medium to long distances
Page 37: Scraper Functionality
Page 38: Compaction and Finishing
Importance after placement:
Compaction for density
Finishing to specified levels
Equipment Used:
Rollers (drum, vibrating drum, padfoot, tyred, impact rammers, vibrating plates)
Dynamic compaction
Graders for finishing work
Page 39: Rammers
Description and application in compaction
Page 40: Vibrating Plates
Usage in compacting and finishing work
Page 41-46: Rollers
Types of Rollers:
Vibrating drum roller
Multi-tyred roller
Pad foot roller
Soil compactor
Impact roller
Page 47: Dynamic Compaction
Description and application
Page 48-49: Water Carts
Role in construction and earthmoving
Page 50: Finishing with Graders
Key Features:
Long blade for flat surfaces
Tynes for ripping
Page 51: Purpose of Graders
Focused on finishing grades
Rough grading by scrapers, dozers, etc.
Page 52: Need for Earthworks
Scenario: Demolition for a new residential subdivision
Need for compaction as per specifications: 98% Standard Maximum Dry Density as per AS 1289
Page 53-56: Case Study - Residential Subdivision
Page 57: Case Study Specifications
Page 58: Density and Moisture Content Analysis
Key Findings:
Field density and moisture content measured from Density Gauge
Comparison with success criteria: 98% of Standard MDD
Page 59: Recap of Course Learning Outcomes
Page 60: Institutional Information
CRICOS: 00123M