World Religions

Christianity:

  1. Origins + History

  • Jesus is messiah (Person sent by god as a savior- final prophet)

  • 30AD

  • Monotheism

  • Abrahamic tradition

  • Muhammad is not important because he came after Jesus (He is a fake, only one true profit and he already came)

  • Romans documented Jesus

  • Jesus was Carpenter and was a Jew (They all used to be Jewish and then it broke off into Christianity)

  • Romans killed Jesus (Piolet)

  • Starts in Bethlehem (Israel)

  • Mary and Joseph were dating

  • Virgin Mary is pregnant

  • Angel named Gabriel (presenter of holy messenger)

  • Gabriel visits Mary and tells her she will be pregnant of the Messiah (Jesus)

  • Scandalous that Mary got pregnant

  • Some believe Mary because they were waiting for the Messiah

  • They bring 3 gifts with them to Bethlehem (Gold, Frankincense, and Murr)

  • They gave gold to kings (Jesus is king), Frankincense is an expensive candle and wanted to keep Mary calm and help her give birth, Murr is a grain like substance to deal with dead bodies (Jesus).

  • No historical record of Jesus before 30 (He was just raised and read lots of scripture)

  • Jesus is carpenter because Joseph was

  • Jesus starts ministry at 30 (Spreads word)

  • Jesus is baptized

  • Jesus starts committing miracles and get more of a reputation (Walks on water, made water to wine, turned 5 fish and 2 bread to feed 5000, heals blindness/illnesses, and resurrection (rising from dead))

  • Creates fear for people in power (Judaism (changing religion) and Romans (politically and military))

  • Jews pay taxes to Roman EmpireJesus is threat and Jews and Romans band together

  • 12 people are Jesus’ close posse

  • Someone betrays him (Judas)

  • They have the last supper (passover)

  • Jesus is arrested (charges of not saying true things about god, Blasphemy also treason by not denying he’s king) 

  • Jesus didn’t fight them and died (Crucifixion, heart explodes, nailed by ankles and wrists, arms are up so heart has to work to hard) 

  • They killed him so cruelly to send a message that Romans are most powerful 

  • Resurrected on Sunday (Easter)

  • Disciples spreading word becomes Christianity

  • Early days of Christianity was rough for Christians

  • New testament and old testament become bible

  • 3 forms of god 

  • Father created everything

  • Son is Jesus

  • Holy Spirit is a guide (spirit that lives within you)


Judaism:


  1. Origins + History

  • 2000BC no exact date

  • Beginning of Abrahamic Traditions 

  • Abraham makes monotheism

  • Jesus is not Messiah

  • The Messiah is yet to come, they have not come yet

  • Abraham talks to god and god talks back 

  • God= yahweh in Hebrew

  • Covenant is a deal

  • If Abraham is loyal to god he gets children with his wife Sarah (they are both 70), lots of land, and an open relationship with god

  • God convinces Abrham to leave his homeland west

  • Sarah gives birth to Isaac on the journey

  • God wants Abraham to sacrifice Isaac as a final test

  • Abraham was about to sacrifice his son when a ram appears out of thin air

  • Isaac is spared by god 

  • Canaan is where Israel is today- where Abraham settles

  • Abraham is 175 years old

  • Isaac has son named Jacob

  • Jacob changes his name to Israel and is first king of Israel

  • Over next thousand years they are constantly under attack

  • This is because they were different and the land was central, people wanted the land

  • Egypt is most powerful civilization at this time because Nile river and have fertile land, they are advanced

  • Egypt go to canaan and enslave entire hebrew population for building 

  • Hebrew slaves built pyramids, sphinx, etc.

  • Moses one of most important people- savior of Hebrews

  • Decree of all Hebrew boys shall be killed in egypt

  • Moses is a baby boy during this time so his mom put him down the river and is saved by daughter of royalty so now he's royalty

  • No one knew he was Hebrew 

  • Moses saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew and killed the Egyptian

  • Moses flees to Midian

  • Bush burns and it is a sign from god to save Hebrews

  • Moses asks slaves to be released and it doesn’t happen

  • God punishes Egypt

  • Moses helps Hebrews run away to the Red Sea to Canaan

  • They used row boats, Moses parts Red Sea and it parts so they can walk

  • Wandered after crossing Red Sea for 40 years finding Canaan

  • Moses gets message from god of rules (10 commandments)

  • Moses dies wandering (120 years old)

  • They are Holy Lands

  • Solomon is in power now and establishes kingdom

Islam:

  1. Origins + History

  • Allah (Latin) is god (English) (They are the same)

  • Muhammad is final prophet (born 570 in Mecca modern day Saudi Arabia)

  • Abrahamic Tradition

  • Muhammad was born in a powerful tribe

  • Polytheistic

  • Mercantistic (trading)  society

  • Canals for trade, lots of different civilizations and cultures

  • Muhammad was raised to be a merchant

  • Muhammad’s parents die when he is young

  • Muhammad meets wealthy widow (Khadija) who hires him to get her Caravans through the region to Syria

  • Muhammad and Khadija marry 

  • Gods were there to protect region

  • Muhammad starts hearing voices when he starts traveling (he freaks out)

  • Muhammad starts to meditate

  • Muhammad goes to a cave to meditate

  • Gabriel the angel pops up when he's meditating one day

  • Gabriel tells Muhammad to start reciting in the name of the lord

  • Gabriel shows Muhammad monotheism

  • Muhammad is worried people will not trust him and not let him be a merchant if he comes out monotheistic

  • Muhammad goes home and tells his wife what's going on

  • HIs wife believes him and supports him

  • He starts to tell a group of people and they believe him slowly

  • Rival merchants think he's upsetting the gods

  • Rival merchants want to kill him but can’t because his wife is super powerful

  • The rivals wait for Khadija to die and his uncle to die

  • When they do, his situation becomes dire, his safety is gone

  • Muhammad flees with his followers to Mecca 

  • They immigrate to Medina (another town in Saudi Arabia)

  • Islam starts to take off because in Medina they can practice their religion freely

  • Muhammad wants to return to Mecca 

  • Once Muhammad has enough followers and conquer the city

  • Muhammad makes Mecca the center of Islam

  • Gabriel approaches Muhammad again in his dreams

  • Buraq (Magical animal with female face, horse like body, peacock wings, and wings) joins the dream and Muhammad rides it to Jurusalme

  • Muhammad has an opportunity to pray with Abraham, Jesus, Moses, etc.

  • Muhammad ascends to both heaven and hell by Gabriel to see what it’s like

  • Muhammad is the only person to have seen heaven and hell alive in Islam religion

  • Muhammad spreads word when he gets back

  • Islam takes off like wild fire

  • Islam becomes political

  • Muhammad is viewed as the final messenger

  • 632 Muhammad dies

  • Who will continue his reign? No heirs.

  • His followers fight to see who is the future leader

  • Schism is a religious split happens

  • Shia muslims and Sunni muslims

  • Shias believe individuals with a direct lineage should lead the Islamic community, (they viewed Muhammad as a king) they think Ali should be king (closest relative)

  • Sunnis the successor should be chosen by best fit (they thought that the 3 closest people to Muhammad should rule) Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman should rule