Civil War and Reconstruction Vocabulary

Sectionalism - a strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country


Scalawags – name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South


Emancipation  – to free from slavery


Ironclads – armored naval vessels


Carpetbaggers – name given to Northern whites who moved South after the Civil War and supported the Republicans


Union – The United States of America;  the Northern states during  the Civil War


Confederacy – The Southern states during the Civil War


Popular Sovereignty – the people rule; that the will of the people is what controls the government – gives the government power


13th Amendment – constitutional amendment that outlawed slavery in the US


14th Amendment – constitutional amendment that gave citizenship to all former slaves; created naturalization laws 


15th Amendment – constitutional  amendment that gave all men no matter of race, color, or religion the right to vote.


Black Codes – laws passed in the South after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen rights (especially voting)


Reconstruction – the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War


Slavery - when a person is owned by another and does not have individual rights


Naturalized Citizen – a person who became a member of the country to which they immigrated and who gained the rights, privileges, and authorities of people born in that country

Jim Crow Laws - Series of laws that separated whites and blacks in society. “Separate but equal” was the ruling of the Supreme Court however the reality was segregation was not equal