Final Practise Test (33 questions)

Term: What is the Affective Perspective?
Definition: The study of feeling states and their role as motivators and outcomes of behavior in Exercise Psychology.

Term: What is Psychological Hedonism?
Definition: The theory that humans are naturally motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain.

Term: How does the Affective Perspective explain motivation for physical activity?
Definition: People engage in or avoid physical activity based on their current and expected emotional states.

Term: How does physical activity influence mental health according to the Affective Perspective?
Definition: Physical activity can reduce anxiety, depression, and stress, improving overall mental well-being.

Term: Why is it incorrect to study only feeling states in Exercise Psychology?
Definition: Feeling states are interconnected with biological states, cognition, personality, and social factors, making them just one part of a larger picture.

Term: What is the Biological Perspective?
Definition: The study of physiological mechanisms and adaptations related to physical activity and psychological states.

Term: What are some fields of study within the Biological Perspective?
Definition: Biochemistry, endocrinology, neuroscience, and electrophysiology.

Term: How does electrophysiology contribute to Exercise Psychology?
Definition: It studies the electrical properties of biological systems, such as brain and heart activity, to understand their relationship with psychological states and behavior.

Term: What is Heart Rate Variability (HRV)?
Definition: A measure of beat-to-beat variations in heart rate, associated with emotional regulation and stress response.

Term: How does electroencephalography (EEG) relate to physical activity behavior?
Definition: EEG studies show that brain activity patterns associated with negative affect are linked to lower physical activity engagement.

Term: What is the role of the endocrine system in Exercise Psychology?
Definition: The endocrine system releases hormones that regulate stress, mood, and energy levels, influencing physical activity behavior.

Term: How does physical activity affect the body’s stress response?
Definition: Regular physical activity helps create a more adaptive stress response, with lower cortisol levels and improved recovery from stress.

Term: Why is the Biological Perspective alone not enough to explain physical activity behavior?
Definition: It overlooks psychological, cognitive, and social factors that also influence exercise behavior.

Term: What is the Cognitive Perspective?
Definition: The study of how cognitive processes like memory, attention, and decision-making influence physical activity behavior.

Term: How does physical activity influence cognitive function?
Definition: Exercise improves cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and executive functioning.

Term: What is Executive Functioning?
Definition: A set of cognitive processes that includes updating (working memory), inhibition (self-control), and shifting (task switching).

Term: What is Updating (Working Memory)?
Definition: The ability to maintain and update relevant information in the mind.

Term: What is Inhibition (Cognitive Control)?
Definition: The ability to suppress unwanted thoughts and impulses.

Term: What is Shifting (Task Switching)?
Definition: The ability to transition efficiently between different tasks.

Term: How does executive functioning influence physical activity behavior?
Definition: Stronger executive functioning is linked to better self-regulation and increased likelihood of engaging in planned physical activity.

Term: How does physical activity protect against cognitive decline?
Definition: Regular exercise can slow or prevent memory-related disorders like dementia and Alzheimer’s.

Term: Why is it problematic to assume humans are always rational decision-makers?
Definition: Humans are influenced by emotions, social factors, and biases, which can affect decision-making about exercise.

Term: What is the Personality Perspective?
Definition: The study of stable psychological traits that influence behavior, including exercise engagement.

Term: How do personality traits influence physical activity engagement?
Definition: Certain traits, such as extraversion and conscientiousness, are associated with higher levels of physical activity.

Term: What is the Big Five Personality Model?
Definition: A widely accepted model categorizing personality traits into Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN).

Term: Which personality traits are most linked to physical activity?
Definition: Higher extraversion, greater conscientiousness, and lower neuroticism are associated with increased exercise participation.

Term: Why is the Personality Perspective alone not enough to explain exercise behavior?
Definition: Personality interacts with cognitive, emotional, biological, and social factors that also impact physical activity behavior.

Term: What is the Social Perspective?
Definition: The study of how social interactions and relationships influence physical activity behavior.

Term: How do social relationships influence physical activity behavior?
Definition: Positive social interactions and support can encourage exercise, while social isolation can hinder it.

Term: What are the risks of social isolation on health?
Definition: Social isolation and loneliness increase the risk of poor mental and physical health and even early death.

Term: How do social networks influence physical activity?
Definition: Having a supportive social network is linked to higher physical activity levels.

Term: Why is the Social Perspective alone not enough to explain exercise behavior?
Definition: Individual differences, personality traits, emotions, and cognitive factors also play a role in exercise behavior.

Term: Why is integrating different perspectives important in Exercise Psychology?
Definition: No single perspective fully explains exercise behavior; integrating multiple viewpoints provides a more complete understanding.