Unit 2 Working Safety

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  • Hazards are anything that can cause harm, such as chemicals, biological materials, electricity, and even a wet, slippery floor.

  • Risk is the probability that harm may occur, often ranked by potential severity.

The Link between Safety and Quality

-The personal values of safety and quality are related.

  • Quality failures usually shut down production, diminish product quality, and harm product safety.

  • Similarly, safety failures can shut down production, cause product loss, and even cause injury or death.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the government agency that sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards across various industries.

Companies Saftey Responsilibes

  • Provide a workplace free from serious recognized hazards and comply with standards.

  • Ensure employees have, use, and maintain safe tools and equipment

  • Establish, update, and communicate operating procedures so that employees follow safety and health requirements

  • Develop and implement a written hazard communication program

  • Provide copies of hazard labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) to all employees, ensuring that they are readily accessible and understood.

  • Keep records of work-related injuries to notice patterns, etc.

Employee Responsibility

If company management has met all its responsibilities, and there is a positive climate of saftey and health, then employees have the following responsibilities

  • Know and observe all applicable safety and health regulations, instructions, and related requirements

  • Cooperate with others to identify unsafe conditions, eliminate hazards, and report any incidents or near misses promptly.

  • Remain up to date on all required safety education and training materials.

  • Keep an informed perspective on all hazards and thier associated risks.

Saftey Laws

General Duty Clause of the OSH Act of 1970

  • Employers must provide workplaces free of hazards that are likely to cause death. It states that employers must comply with all applicable OSHA standards.

  • The General Duty Clause also highlights employees’ responsibility to comply with any OSHA standards

Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)

  • Often referred to as the Right to Know or Hazcom

The law stipulates that workers have a legal right to know the following:

  1. What chemicals they may be exposed to at work

  2. The risk associated with those potential exposures

  3. How to minimize or eliminate those exposures and risks

Chemical Hygiene

  • Chemical manufacturers and importers classify the hazards of chemicals

  • All employees must prepare for hazards and should receive labeled containers

  • Keep the info up to date, keep workers trained.

OSHA Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories

Covers laboratory workers who may work with a variety of chemicals but in small amounts at laboratory scale

  • Employers are required to provide appropriate training in handling chemicals safely and to provide guidance through a laboratory-specific chemical hygiene plan (CHP)

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

Impacts companies whose workers can reasonably anticipate coming in contact with human blood or other potentially infectious materials as a result of thier job responsibilities.

  • Working with or processing human blood samples or specific bloodborne infectious materials

Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease.

OSHA hierarchy of controls

  1. Engineering controls

  2. Administrative controls (including work practices)

  3. PPE. The most effective hazard controls use a combination of all three categories.

Engineering Controls

Engineering Controls often involve physical changes to the workplace. Examples of engineering controls include:

  • Facility air handling systems with pressure differentials

  • Chemical fume hoods and biological safety cabinets

Admin Controls and Written Procedures

Administrative controls use written procedures and work practices to minimize hazards while completing a job. Examples of administrative controls include:

  1. SOPs, work-hour controls

  2. Emergency exit plans

  3. Written work practices

  4. and many others

Person Protectice Equimpement

  • Saftey shoes

  • Chemical-resistant clothing

  • Gloves

  • Safety glasses or goggles

  • Respiratory protection, etc.

Chemical Safety: Hazard Categories

Flammable (gasoline) - fire

Toxic (arsenic) - Poison

Corrosive - burns

Reactive - mixed

Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

  • Every chemical has an SDS (legally required)

  • An SDS is a summary of a chemical’s Safety information, including physical, health, and environmental health hazards; protective measures; and handling and storage precautions

  • Employees have the responsibility and legal right to see the SDS for any chemical used on the job.

The Information catgepries

  • Substance identification

  • Hazardous ingredients

  • Physical Data

  • Fire and Explosions Data

  • Health Hazards

  • Reactivity data

  • Spill or leak procedures

  • Special Protection

  • Special Precautions

  • Proper Storage


National Fire Protection Association Labeling Systems (NFPA)

The large diamond

divided into four small diamonds to represent the four types of hazards; each diamond is a different color. The four hazard categories and their colors include the following

Higher the # for more dangerous

Just the GHS symbols


Biological Saftey

Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Hazards

  • Human blood, other bodily fluids, and substances derived from both could be contaminated

  • Some drugs can be harmful to healthy people; exposure during manufacturing must be minimized

  • Manufacturing vaccines may require growing certain microorganisms in large quantities, and some of these microorganisms are dangerous because they can cause disease

  • Some biological substances may trigger allergic reactions

Biosafety Levels (BSL)

Each biosafety level defines recommended work practices, techniques, safety, equipment, and facility designs

  • Operations performed

  • Documented or suspected infectious agent transmission

  • Area functions or activty

The CDC defines the levels

Biological Safety Engineering Controls

Air handling systems are common engineering controls used to contain infectious materials (containment)

  • Biological safety cabinets (BSCs) are enclosed, ventilated, and filtered workspaces.

Ergonomics

  • Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD’s and cumulative trauma disorders (CTDS) affect the muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and overall body structure

This includes lifting heavy weights, bending, reaching overhead, pushing and pulling heavy loads, and even pipetting.

Material Handling Signage

  • It may say something needs two people or more to carry. Employers post signage where material-handling equipment and material-handling products are required.

Material Handling PPE

  • When carrying something heavy, you’ll have a certain type of protection that mainly applies to this field

  • You’ll wear work shoes with toe protection, Protective gloves with proper grip, and back belts to support the back and abdomen

Equiment/Saftey/ Surroundings Saftey Considerations

  1. Pressuired Vessles and Lines

  2. Equipment Hazards (lockout, tag out)

  3. Personal Protective Equipment

  4. Surroundings: Trip Hazards and Slippery Surfaces

  5. Confined Spaces

  6. Elevated Work Spaces

  7. Noise Protection


1: The pressurized vessel and line hazards include both the pressure and the contents. The inside being sprayed with or exposed to the pressurized release includes the following: toxic chemicals, infectious materials, hazardous chemicals or fumes, steam, improperly secured vessel lids or line connections

  • Carefully follow all written procedures and SOP’s

  • Double-check and triple-check

  • Assume that it is dangerous until you check it for yourself.


2: Equipment (Lock-out, Tag-out). Some hazards associated with maintaining energized equipment include exposure to live electrical energy.

  • Remember it is illegal to remove lockout devices or bypass safety protocols, as this compromises your safety and that of your coworkers.

  • Equipment may require several locks and tags

  • Be patient; it takes time to properly lock out and tag out equipment, ensuring that all energy sources are effectively isolated before beginning maintenance.

  • Follow the procedure.


3: Equipment Hazards - Engineering Control

  • Interlocks: Systems that do not allow workers to gain access to a part of the machine. Basically protects workers; the lock comes from the inside, like a washing machine or a dishwasher

  • Alarm points: Alarms designed and programmed to notify operations when some set of conditions exists


4:Surroundings Hazards- Confined Spaces

  • Underground vaults, Tanks, Storage bins, Maholes, pits, siols, underground ultitly vaults, pipelines

  • Never enter permit-required confined spaces without being trained an dwithout having a permit; Review, understand and follow comapny procedures


5: The way all these HAzards are documented are by Safety Surveys

  • These surveys are most effective when management and technicians walk through areas tohgther to find potential hazards

  • from the walk through, complie a list of potiona hazards

See it say solve it.


6: PPE

  • Compaines must access existing and potential workplace hazards that necssitate the use of PPE.

  • You need to make sure, depending on the job being done acetain type of glov is used


7: Incident Reporting

  • Incident reporting, and the subsequent incident analysis, are essential to make workplaces safer

  • Workers won’t get reprimanded, but report it so it doesn’t happen to anyone else


8: Near-Hit Reporting

  • Near-hit reporting is any incident that could have resulted in an injury or damage but did not, providing valuable insights into potential hazards.

  • All must be reported

  • Depending on the nature and severity of the incident, supervisors may choose to file a formal incident report and conduct a formal incident analysis.


Three A’s of Safety

  1. Have the right attitude about safety.

  2. Be aware of hazardous situations at all times.

  3. Act on available knowledge—safety for everyone