Chi squared Test of Independence

The chi-squared test of independence is a statistical method used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables. It compares the observed frequencies in each category of the contingency table to the frequencies expected under the null hypothesis of independence.

This test is particularly useful in fields such as social sciences, biology, and marketing, where it helps researchers understand the relationships between different groups or conditions. The test calculates a chi-squared statistic, which is then compared to a critical value from the chi-squared distribution to assess whether the observed associations are statistically significant.