Element Names and Their Oxidation States

• Cadmium: +2

• Chromium: +2, +3, +6

• Cobalt: +2, +3

• Copper: +1, +2

• Gold: +1, +3

• Hydrogen: +1, -1

• Indium: +1, +3

• Iron: +2, +3

• Lead: +2, +4

• Manganese: +2, +3, +4, +7

• Mercury: +1, +2

• Nickel: +2, +3

• Scandium: +3

• Silver: +1

• Thallium: +1, +3

• Tin: +2, +4

• Titanium: +2, +3, +4

• Vanadium: +2, +3, +4, +5

• Zinc: +2

Polyatomic Ions

• Acetate Ion: (C2H3O2)−

• Bicarbonate Ion: (HCO3)−

• Bisulfate Ion: (HSO4)−

• Carbonate Ion: (CO3)2−

• Chlorate Ion: (ClO3)−

• Chlorite Ion: (ClO2)−

• Hydroxide Ion: (OH)−

• Nitrate Ion: (NO3)−

• Nitrite Ion: (NO2)−

• Oxalate Ion: (C2O4)2−

• Perchlorate Ion: (ClO4)−

• Permanganate Ion: (MnO4)−

• Phosphate Ion: (PO4)3−

• Phosphite Ion: (PO3)3−

• Sulfate Ion: (SO4)2−

• Sulfite Ion: (SO3)2−

• Thiocyanate Ion: (SCN)−

• Superoxide Ion: (O2)−

• Carbide Ion: C2 2− (Diatomic Ion)

• Hypochlorite Ion: (ClO)−

• Hypoiodite Ion: (IO)−

• Triiodide Ion: (I3)−

• Dichromate Ion: (Cr2O7)2−

• Bromate Ion: (BrO3)−

Notes

• The oxidation states specified for each element indicate the charge an atom may have when forming compounds.
• Polyatomic ions are ions composed of two or more atoms bonded together, which function as a single charged entity.
• Understanding the oxidation states and polyatomic ions is essential for predicting chemical reactions, balancing equations, and understanding the behavior of elements in various chemical contexts.