Period 1 and 2 study guide

Massachusetts Plymouth- Plymouth

  • pilgrams established colony in Mass. instead of virginia

  • wanted to create a church separate from royal rule.

  • Mass. Bay colony was founded by more moderate group of dissenters. they wanted to “purify” the church

  • faced harsh weather condition, few supplies, disease, and conflict with Native Americans

  • Plymouth struggled to survive 1620-21, only 44 colonists survived

  • they became friendly with the Wampanoag Tribe

  • thanksgiving was celebrated in Plymouth with colonists and Wampanoag Tribe

  • King Philips War- Wampanoag Tribe fought colonists and lost

  • Plymouths economy relied on fur trade, fish, and lumber.

  • they traded furs with Natives, and exchanged surplus crops

  • Mass. Bay relied on ship building as well

  • In Plymouth Education was poor

  • Mass Bay children usually attended school 5-6 months out of the year

  • Mayflower compact- in their new colony, the majority would make decisions.

  • all free men (male puritans) could vote for governor, his assistants, and a rep. assembly

  • other religions were frowned upon

  • William Bradford and Captain Miles Standish led Plymouth settlement

  • John Winthrop started the Bay colony, we wanted to be a beacon for all people

New Hampshire - Exeter

  • King Charles 2 broke off a chunk of Mass. Bay to make New Hampshire Royal colony

  • established “ Half way covenant” to allow those who had not undergone profound religoius coversion to join the church

  • Dartmouth college purpose was to “educate” Native Americans on congregational christianity

  • Captain John Mason was founder

  • fishing colony

  • harsh winters

Connecticut- Hartford

  • pequote war- pequot tribe and english settlers fight- english wins

  • in 1639 settlers of connecticut set up “fundamental orders- established regime controlle dby the citizens

  • used for colonys charter and for state constituion

Rhode Island- Providence

  • roger williams- established first baptist church

  • squatter colony but received charter from parliament in 1644

  • Anne Hutchinson- ideas provoked religious and politlca lcrisis in Mass. Bay

Delaware- Wilmington

  • permanant settlement was fort Christinia by Dutch 1638

  • Proprietory colony

  • was apart of Pennsylvania til American Revolution

  • produced tobacco; traded along Delaware River

  • labor shortages

New York- New York

  • King gave his brother Duke of York the land of New Amsterdam

  • duke promised them religous and cultural freedom

  • at first rep. assembly was forbidden but in 1663 James allowed Governor Thomas Dongan to give political rights and an assembly to the colonists after protests of taxation without representation

  • New Kings college in 1754

  • corn and wheat are traded with Europe

New Jersey- East Jersey - Carteret- West Jersey- Salem

  • middle colonies owned by proprietors, but became royal in 1702 when East and West combined

  • Lord Berkely and sir Carteret are offering land to any brave souls looking to go on a journey and settle in Jersey

  • outbreaks of smallpox and diphtheria

  • they have a rep assembly and religious freedom

Pennsylvania-Philadelphia

  • squatters in Pennsylvania

  • first settlement was Fort Nya Gothenberg in 1643 by swedish

  • Proprietary colony

  • 1681 william penn was giften land by King Charles 2 to repay debt

  • 1702 Penn would grant lower three counties thier own assembly

  • disputes with Maryland and New york

  • quakers- peace-lobing sect of christians who belived in equality for men and women, nonviolence,a dn resistance to military service

  • quakers were persecuted in england

  • jews and catholics not welcomed

  • wecomed natives

  • buys land from Chief Tammany; as well as signed treaty, so quakers could alk through their territory unharmed

  • worked under Frame of Government: rep. government elected by landowners

  • Charter of Liberties serves as written consituiton and left immigration unrestircted

  • indentured servatude and slavery, Susquehanna river bies valuable access to fur trade

  • labor shortages

  • dual governace cuased problems due to its lack of specifics for the low individual colonies

Virginia- Jamestown

  • they encountered hunger, disease, and conflicts with the Powhatan Conferacy

  • Captain John Smit took control and negotiated with the Powhatan people and secured supplies

  • after John smith went back to england Conflicts began again

  • John Rolfes indtroduciton to tobacco in 1612 transformed Jamestowns fate

  • tobacco was Virginias “cash Crop” attracting more settlers

  • increased demand for labor

  • gave rise to indentured servents and then slaves

  • beacme the wealthiest most influential colony

  • colony was first to elect its own reps. this led to Virginia house of Burgesses disbannded in 1624 when it became a royal company

  • Church of England was official church

  • only male landowners could vote

Maryland- St. Marys

  • struggled to grow food, and disease took heavy toll

  • tobacco primary cash crop

  • protestants were too great, so to protect Catholics so Act of Toleration 1649- provide religous freedom to all christians

  • George Calvert applied for royal charter

  • first proprietary colony in 1632

  • wanted to give religous freedom to Catholics

  • has genral assembly to decide on laws and levy taxes

  • when first established only Catholic or Protestant could vote; later this changed so only lprotestants could take part in assembly

  • became royal colony then became under calvert family because Benedict Calvert converted to Anglicanism from Catholicism

  • successful in tobacco

  • Headright System - offers land to settlers in Mayrland- gives 50 acres of land to settlers for every indentured servent they bring over

  • traded furs, corn, and other resources with english

  • Susquehannock war- 1675- Maryland and Virginia forces attacked the susquehannock leading to more land for the colonists

North Carolina- Albemarle County

  • under direct autocratic rule of King Charles II and spread his eight Proprietors amongst this cast restoration colony

  • became mostly farming land for Britian

  • driven by tobacco

  • less reliance on slavery

  • 1662 gave 8 nobles Porprietorshop over south of Virginia and Northern georgia known as Provinance of Carolina

  • 1729, North Carolina and south Carolina were made into royal coloines

  • Tuscarora War (1711-15) Tuscarora people invaded colonial settlements attempting to drive out colonists backed by the Yamasee tribe

  • Anglicanism is official state supported religion

South Carolina - Charleston

  • 1729 made South Carolina a royal colony

  • william Sayle was first governor

  • fur trade of deer skin

  • cash crops of rice and Indigo

  • constnat threats from Spain

  • dominated by Anglican church

  • only above 21 woh owned at least 30 pounds of property could vote

Georgia- Savannah

  • oglethorpe founded first Georgian settlement of 1733

  • banned consumption and selling of rum and slavery

  • allowed religious freedom for most excluding catholics

  • wanted to build a dived within the spanish neighbors with Georgia

  • dropped rum and slavery rules when it became royal

  • John Reynolds beame first royal governor for Georgia

  • white males who owned at least 50 acres of land could vote in the Commons house assembly

  • Court of Conscious- helped settle issues

Slaves

  • Barbados slabe code

  • 1696 south Carolina adopted a version of code and made into official law by 1712

  • slave code denied fundamental rights to enslaved and gave masters virtually complete control over their laborers

  • west indies exchanged slaves for molasses

  • Middle passage- terrible journey of the enslaved to the New world

  • some of the earliest slaves may have gained freedom

  • blacks evolved their own langueges

  • banjo and bongo drums were from the enslved

  • 1712 revolt in New York City cost lives of a dozen white and 21 blacks were exectued

  • 1739 south carolina blacks alnog StonoRiver revolted and tried to march to spanish Florida but failed

  • most enslaved became christians

  • worked in the rice fields

people

  • Johnathan edwards- fiery preaching methods

  • emotially moving

  • began preaching in 1734

  • George Whitefield

  • even better than edwards

  • made Edwards weep

  • Mass Bay- John Winthrop- puritan

  • Plymouth-William Bradford- puritan

  • Rhode Island-William Bradford- puritan

  • Connecticut- thomas hooker- puritan

  • New Hampshire- John Wheelwrite - puritan

  • Delaware/ New York- Perter Minuit- quakers, catholics, lutherans, jewish and others

  • New Jersey- Lord Berkeley/Sire Carteret- quakers, catholics, lutherans, jewish, and others

  • Pennsylvania- William Penn- quakers, catholics, lutherans, jews, and others

  • Virginia- John Smith- anglican and baptist

  • Maryland- George Calvert- catholics, anglicans, and baptists

  • North/ South Carolina- group of 8 proprietors- anglican and baptist

  • Georgia - James Oglethrope- anglican and baptist

Anglican church

  • official church in GA, North and South Carolina, VA, and maryland

  • lacked bishop in america

Congregational church

  • established in all NE colonies except RI

  • hotbed fo rrebellion

education

  • trained young future clergymen

  • Ministry- widespread respect

  • Physicians- used bleeding and leeches

  • Lawyers - not as much respect at first

the Enlightenment

  • T. Paine and T. jerfferson were drawn to this movement form Europe

  • John lock discussed natural Law based on rights

Zenger Case

  • 1734-35- new york newspaper printer was taken to court and charged with seditious label (writing in malicious manner against someone)

  • zenger won

Scots- Irish

  • moved to Penssylvania because of high religous tolerance

  • hatred of england made them good allies

  • led armed march of Paxton Boys - protested quakers peaceful treatment of Indians

Germans

  • were protestna d

  • called “pennsylvania duch

family

  • husband had most power

  • women took care of house

divorce was legal but rare

workaday America

  • agriculture was leading industry

  • tobacco was staple crop in Maryland and Virginia

  • Grain was primary crop in the middle colonies

Molasses Act 1733

  • british tax on molasses from non-english colonies in West Indies

smuggling was frequent

government in colonies

  • Eight were royal

  • three were proprietorshiops (maryland, Pa, Delaware

  • two had self-governing Charters (conn. and RI)

  • slef government- representative assemblies elected by voters

  • RI and CT governor is elected by the people

  • NY and VA are crown appointed

  • PA and MD are proprietor appointed

  • MA was most conservative

  • PA and RI were most liberal