Week 2 Lecture 4 Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

Object-Oriented Programming Overview

• Focus of the class on what Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is and how it is executed.

• Key components:

  • Classes

  • Methods

  • Objects

Key Concepts of Object Oriented Programming

• Two primary concepts in OOP:

  • Classes: Blueprints for creating objects.

  • Defined by a name with a capital letter in Camel Case format.

  • Example: class Person:

  • Objects: Instances of classes and reference to the class.

  • Created from classes to utilize functions and properties defined in the class.

  • Example: cj = Person() where cj is an object of the Person class.

Class and Object Explanation

• Classes organize code and help manage complexity:

  • Example: For a game development project (GTA), if creating a character named CJ, we would set up a class for CJ with various methods (functions) such as:

  • def move_head(self): for head movement.

  • def move_legs(self): for leg movement.

  • All attributes and methods are scoped within the class representing that character.

• Objects allow us to call these methods.

Common Features of OOP

• OOP features six main principles, sometimes referred to as the acronym PIE ACE:

  • Polymorphism

  • Inheritance

  • Encapsulation

  • Abstraction

  • Classes

  • Objects

Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming

• OOP promotes organization of code through encapsulation of related data and functions.

• Improves manageability and error handling, making debugging easier by isolating functionalities into classes.

• Example scenario with students:

  • Each student belongs to a specific class organized by a class structure.

Example of a Student Class

• To illustrate OOP for students:

  • Define student class with attributes: name, ID, major.

  • class Student:

  • Using an init method (initializer):

  • def __init__(self, name, ID, major): initializes input parameters for creating student objects.

  • Example: `student1 = Student(