Industrial Security Concepts Review Notes

INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPT PRELIM

  • Security: A state of being secured; freedom from fear, harm, danger, loss, destruction, or damages.
  • Unsecured conditions often result from human actions motivated by economic reasons, revenge, or greed.
  • Civilized society requires adequate protection.

Primary Purpose of Security

  • Protect people and properties.

Legal Bases of Industrial Security Management

A. Natural Authority
  • Self-preservation is the highest law. Individuals naturally protect themselves, family, honor, freedom, liberty, and property from danger, threat, or hazard.
B. Constitutional Authority
  • Article II, Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution: The government's prime duty is to serve and protect the people.
  • Article III, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution: No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process, nor be denied equal protection of the law.
  • Article III, Section 9: Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
  • Article III, Section 2: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall be inviolable.
C. Statutory Authority
  • Revised Penal Code (RA No. 3815): Provisions regarding crimes against persons, personal liberty, security, and property apply to the security and protection of life, liberty, and property.
  • Private Security Agency Law (Republic Act 5487, as amended).
  • DILG Act of 1990 (RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551).

Basic Principles of Security

  • Command Responsibility
  • Compartmentation
  • Balance between security and efficiency
  • General Principles of Security remain constant
  • Security is the concern of all Personnel

Industrial Security

  • Security measures applied to business industries.
  • Providing security and protection to private individuals, business enterprises, or government and non-government industries.
  • Deals with the setup, operation, and administration of security agencies.
  • Relevance of industrial security as partners of law enforcement agencies in crime prevention and maintaining peace and order in business, commercial, industrial, and similar establishments.

INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

  • The skillful handling of the security and safety measures of business establishments and industrial establishments.

Industrial Establishment

  • Any business, construction firm, factory, school, building, structure, store, mall, supermarket, industry, facility, installation, hotel, motel, restaurant, inn, agency, office, bank, credit firm, insurance, etc., including its personnel, logistics, and resources.

HISTORY OF SECURITY

  • The development of modern security revolutionized in the 16th century due to increased urbanization, poverty, and criminality.
  • In 1748, private security formed as merchants hired guards.
  • Henry Fielding suggested crime prevention with a paid security force.
  • As of 1999, security personnel (400,000) outnumbered AFP and PNP combined.
  • Term for Guards in Times of War - Force Multiplier
  • In the 1950s, municipal and city mayors supervised private security agencies. A permit was the primary requirement for employment.
  • RA 5487 (Private Security Agency Law) made the Philippine Constabulary the sole authority to supervise security agencies and guard forces.
  • PD 11 amended RA 5487 sec 4 on who may organize a security and watchman agency
  • PD 100 amended RA 5487 sec 3,4,5, 8 and 9 which provide for the improvement of PC to assign any private detectives, watchman or security guard to assist the PC in cases of emergency disaster or calamity.
  • On August 4, 1969, The Philippine Constabulary and Investigation Agencies (PC SUSIA) established.
  • RA 6975 led to the creation of the PNP on January 1, 1991; PC SUSIA became PNP SOSIA.
  • On June 1, 1995, PNP SOSIA renamed Security Agencies and Guard Supervision Division (SAGSD).
  • The Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies (SOSIA) regulates Private Security Agencies (PSA), Private Detective Agencies (PDA), Company Guard Forces (CGFs), Government Guard Units (GGUs), Private Security Training Schools (PSTSs), Security Personnel, and Security Training School Staff.

TYPES OF SECURITY AND SAFETY MEASURES

  • Active measures: physical barriers, security lighting, vaults, locks, etc.
  • Passive measures: acts for fear of being caught, charged in court, or dismissed.
    • Security education programs
    • Investigations
    • Fire prevention seminars
    • Personal security checks

FACTORS THAT BRING INSECURE CONDITION:

  • THREAT: Indication of impending danger or harm; positive inimical acts.
  • HAZARD: A chance of being injured or harmed; passive inimical acts.
  • VULNERABILITY: Inability to withstand the effects of a hostile environment; measure of how open an establishment is to intrusion, attack, or injury.
  • RISK: Potential that a chosen action will lead to a loss; probability of an event leading to loss.
Two Major Categories of Hazards
  • Human hazard: Acts or conditions caused by humans, including sabotage, theft, pilferage, and espionage.
  • Natural hazards: Natural phenomena causing damage, disturbance, and problems; floods, earthquakes, lightning storms, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions.

Components of Security Management

  • Preventive measures: Tools used to prevent incidents.
  • Countermeasures: Programs implemented to avoid repetition of events.

ASPECTS OF PROTECTIVE SECURITY

1. Industrial Security
  • Applied to business groups in industries like manufacturing, assembling, research and development, processing, warehousing, and agriculture.
  • The business of providing security.
Industrial Security Measures
  • Access Control Systems: ID badges, biometric scanners, key cards.
  • Surveillance Cameras: CCTV for 24/7 monitoring.
  • Security Personnel: Trained guards for patrols and incident response.
  • Perimeter Security: Fences, gates, and barriers.
  • Alarm Systems: Intrusion detection systems.
  • Lighting and Visibility: Adequate lighting to deter intruders.
  • Visitor Management: Visitor logs and restricted access.
  • Emergency Response Plans: Plans for fires, disasters, and breaches.
  • Cybersecurity Measures: Firewalls, encryption, and software updates.
  • Inventory and Asset Control: Tracking and protecting assets.
2. Hotel Security
  • Protecting hotel properties from pilferage, loss, and damage.
  • Ensuring hotel restaurant functions are undisturbed.
  • Safeguarding hotel guests and their effects.
Responsibilities of a Hotel Security Officer
  • Monitoring Entrances and Exits
  • Physical Surveillance
  • Preventing Property Damage
  • Protecting Guests and Providing a sense of security
  • Responding Quickly and Effectively to Emergencies
  • Protecting Assets
  • Escorting Guests and Staff
Basic Qualifications of a Hotel Security Officer
  • Customer Service
  • Licensing and Training
  • Specialized Services
Factors to Consider in Hotel Security
  • Lighting: Well-lit isolated places.
  • Control Access: Monitored access points.
  • Regulate Entrances: Controlled number of entrances.
  • Exterior Maintenance
  • Hotel Room Maintenance
Security Tools and Devices in Hotels
  • Access Control
  • CCTV Security Cameras
  • Panic Buttons
  • Registration Process
3. Bank Security
  • Concerned with bank operations, protecting cash, assets, personnel, and clientele.
Bank Security Measures
  • Surveillance Systems: CCTV monitoring ATMs, entrances, teller counters, and vaults.
  • Access Control: Restricting access with key cards, biometrics, or PINs.
  • Alarm Systems: Intrusion, panic, and fire alarms.
  • Security Personnel: Armed and unarmed guards.
  • Cash Handling Procedures: Dual control, counting rooms, and secure transit.
  • Cybersecurity Measures: Firewalls, multi-factor authentication, encryption, and audits.
  • Physical Barriers: Reinforced doors, bulletproof glass, and secure counters.
  • Background Checks: Thorough employee and contractor checks.
  • Emergency Preparedness Plans: Plans for robberies, disasters, and staff training.
  • Security Drills: Routine drills to improve readiness.
4. School Security
  • Protecting students, faculty members, and school properties.
Significance of School Security
  • Alleviates concerns from parents and students.
  • Prevents violence and harassment.
  • Helps in meaning student diversity
Campus Security Measures
  • Lighting
  • Emergency Telephones
  • Environmental Design for Safety
  • Alarm Systems
  • Alarm Response Plan
  • Keying
  • Signing in visitors and badges
  • Controlled Access to Buildings
  • Surveillance cameras
5. VIP Security
  • Protecting top-ranking officials, visiting dignitaries.
VIP Security Measures
  • Advance Planning and Reconnaissance
  • Personal Security Detail (PSD)
  • Controlled Access and Perimeter Security
  • Surveillance and Monitoring
  • Contingency Planning
  • Secure Communication
  • Travel Security
  • Medical Preparedness
  • Crowd Control Measures
  • Continuous Threat Assessment
6. Supermarket or Mall Security
  • Protecting stores, warehouses, premises, properties, personnel, and customers.
Supermarket/Mall Security Measures
  • Surveillance Systems: CCTV monitoring entrances, exits, parking lots, and cash counters.
  • Access Control: ID cards or biometric systems for sensitive areas.
  • Security Personnel: Trained guards to patrol.
  • Emergency Response Plan: Fire, medical emergencies, disasters, security breaches.
  • Alarm Systems: Intrusion, fire, and panic alarms.
  • Bag and Package Inspections: Random checks.
  • Customer Flow Management: Signage and barriers.
  • Theft Prevention Measures: EAS systems and undercover personnel.
  • Parking Lot Security: Cameras, lighting, and emergency call points.
  • Cybersecurity for POS Systems: Secure networks and encrypted transactions.

Principal divisions of security Management

  • Physical Security: Physical protection employed to secure assets.
  • Personnel Security: Procedures and criteria to determine applicant suitability.
  • Document or Information security: Policies and regulations to safeguard classified information.

Three Lines of Physical Defense

  • Perimeter defense: Barriers, fences, or guards at the gate (first line).
  • Inside perimeter defense: Doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs, grills (second line).
  • Storage system: Safes and vaults (third line).

BARRIER

  • Any structure restricting, deterring, or delaying illegal access.
PURPOSE:
  • Define physical limits.
  • Deter unauthorized entry.
  • Prevent or delay intrusion.
  • Assist in guard employment.
  • Improve vehicle control.

TYPES OF BARRIERS

  • Natural barriers: Bodies of water, mountains, marshes, ravines, deserts.
  • Structural barriers: Walls, doors, windows, locks, fences, safes.
  • Human barriers: Guards, office personnel, shop workers.
  • Animal barriers: Guard dogs (German Shepherds), geese, and turkeys.
  • Energy barriers: Protective lighting, alarm systems, electronic devices.

Three line of Physical Defense

  • First line of defense- perimeter fences/barriers
  • Second line of Defense- Doors , floors, windows, walls, roofs, and grills and other entries to the buildings
  • Third line of defense- storage system like steel, cabinet, safes, vaults and interior files.

PERIMETER BARRIER

  • Protection of the installation's inner vicinity.
  • Deny or impede unauthorized access.
  • First line of defense.
  • Fences, building walls, or bodies of water.
PERIMETER BARRIER OPENING
  • Gates and Doors
  • Utilities Opening - sewers, air intakes, exhaust tunnels.
  • Side-walk-elevators
  • Clear Zones

ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

  • Top Guard
  • Tower Guard
  • Barrier Maintenance
  • Protection in Depth
  • Guard Control stations
  • Signs and notices

PROTECTIVE BARRIERS AND SECURITY LIGHTNING

  • PERIMETER SECURITY- is the first line of security or defense.

  • - by establishing structural barriers fence, to protect the entire establishment.

    • Solid –
    • Full View-

  • Solid fence -constructed in such away that visual access through the fence is denied.

  • Full-view fence - constructed in such away that visual access is permitted through the fence.

Safety measures to be used

  • 7 feet minimum height of the fence, on top is a barbwire.

  • Security Guard- to check the in and out of building and the people.

  • Protective lighting for safety protection.

  • HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST FENCE BARRIER

  • Chain link

  • Barbed wire

  • Concertina

  • Barbed tape

CHAIN LINK FENCE

  • Chain Link Fencing A Major advantage of chain link fencing is that it provides good visibility from both sides, for both guard and police patrols the disadvantage are that it creates institution like appearance to the organization
  • Must be a minimum of 7’ in height
  • 9 gauge or heavier
  • 2” mesh openings
  • Have a twisted and barbed salvage at top and bottom
  • securely fastened to metal or concrere posts set in concrete
  • The fencing material must reach within 2” of hard ground or paving
  • On soft ground be buried to compensate for shifting soil and sand
  • All bolts and nuts holding hardware attachment on the fence should be welded
  • Gates in the fence line should be as high as the fence
  • Top Guard for the gate should be vertical

Barbed Wire Fencing

  • Twisted, double-strand
  • 12 gauge
  • with 4 point barbs spaced equally
  • Not less than 7’ (Excluding topping)
  • Fixed Firmly to post not more than 6’ apart
  • Distance between strands not to exceed 6” with a vertically interlaced wire at the mid –way between posts.

CONCERTINA FENCE

  • Concertina Wire Fencing
  • Concertina barbed wire or tape to be made from high –strength steel clipped together to form a cylinder.
  • Opening to 50’ and 3’ in diameter
  • Barbed tape should have a breaking strength of 500lbs, with an overall width of ¾” , with 7/16” barbs spaced at ½” intervals along each side.

Fencing Top Guard

  • Top guard is the overhang of barbed wire or tape along the top of the fence, facing outward and upward at approx a 45-degree angle.
  • The supporting arms must be permanently fastened to the tops of the posts to increase the overall vertical height by 1’ .
  • Three strands of barbed wire, spaced 6” apart, must be installed on the supporting arms.

LOCK AND KEY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

  • The lock originated from the Egyptians 4,000 years ago.
  • Important factors of locks in security system is will provide with a layer of protection.
WHAT IS PROTECTIVE LOCK AND KEY CONTROL?
  • Lock is one of the most widely used physical security devices in the asset protection program of an installation.
WHAT IS LOCK?
  • Is a mechanical or electronic fastening device, typically operated only by a key of a particular form.
TYPES OF COMMON LOCKING DEVICES
  • KEY LOCKS – A basic cylinder lock that provides with a measures of adequate security.
  • Conventional Combination Locks - a type of locking device in which a sequence of symbols, usually numbers, is used to open the lock.
  • Manipulation-Resistant Combination Locks
TYPES OF KEYS
  • Change key – specific key/has a particular combination cuts
  • Sub-master key – open all the lock within a particular area or grouping in a given facility.
  • Master key – special key capable of opening a series of lock.
  • Grand Master key – will open everything

WHAT IS PROTECTIVE LIGHTING?

  • Protective lighting is the single most cost effective deterrent to crime because it creates a phycological deterrent to the intruders.
PURPOSE:
  • It provides sufficient illumination to the areas during hours of darkness.
  • Lighting can help improve visibility so that intruder can be seen and identified and, if possible, apprehended.
  • It serves as deterrent to would be thieves.

TYPES OF PROTECTED LIGHTING

  • Continuous Lighting – (outdoor security lighting) glare projection, Controlled lighting.
  • Standby Lighting – reserve or standby use as supplement.
  • Movable or Portable Lighting – manually operated (search light)
  • Emergency Lighting – used in time of power failure.
TYPES OF LIGHTING SOURCES
  • Incandescent lamp – least expensive
  • Mercury vapor lamp – more efficient that the incandescent (purplish white color)
  • Metal halide – similar to mercury, provides light source of higher luminous Efficiency it has similar physical appearance to mercury vapor but provides a light source of higher luminous efficiency and better color rendition
  • Fluorescent – provides good color condition
  • High-pressure sodium vapor – Exterior lighting (parking, roadways, commercial building interior installations.

WHAT ARE PROTECTIVE ALARMS?

  • Protective alarm is one of the important barriers in security.
  • Basically, its function is to alert the security personnel for any attempt of intrusion into a protected area, building or compound.
THREE BASIC PARTS OF ALARM SYSTEM
  • Sensor or trigger device - it emits the aural or visual signals or both.
  • Transmission line - a circuit which transmit the message to the signaling apparatus.
  • Enunciator/annunciator - it is the signaling system that activates the alarm.
TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM SYSTEM
  • Central Station System – located outside the plant (notifies the police and other public safety agencies)
  • Proprietary System – located in the industrial firm ( operator call the primary need; police, firefighter, ambulance or bomb disposal unit)
  • Local Alarm System – located near the object to be protected.
  • Auxiliary Alarm – company owned alarm system ( connect to the nearest police stn).
KINDS OF ALARMS

  • Audio Detection Device – detect any sound

  • Vibration Detection Device – detect any vibration

  • Metallic Foil or wire – detect any action that moves the foil or wire

  • Laser Beam Alarm – (emitter floods)

  • Photoelectric or Electric Eye Device – invisible/visible (car alarm)

  • Central Station System - a type of alarm where the control station is located outside the plant or installation. When the alarm is sounded or actuated by subscriber, the central station notifies the police and other public safety agencies.

  • Proprietary System - centralized monitor of the proprietary alarm system is located in the industrial firm itself with a duty operator. In case of alarm, the duty operator calls whatever is the primary need; firefighters, police, an ambulance or a bomb disposal unit.

  • Local Alarm -this system consist of ringing up a visual or audible alarm near the object to be protected. When an intruder tries to pry a window, the alarm thereat goes off.

  • Auxiliary alarm - company-owned alarm systems with a unit in the nearest police station so that in case of need, direct call is possible.

  • Audio Detection Device - it will detect any sound caused by attempted force entry. A supersonic microphone speaker sensor is installed in walls, ceilings and floors of the protected area.

  • Vibration Detection Device - it will detect any vibration caused by attempted force entry. A vibration sensitive sensor is attached to walls, ceilings or floors of the protected area.

  • Metallic foil or wire - it will detect any action that moves the foil or wire. An electrically charge strips of tinfoil or wire is used in the doors, windows or glass surfaces of the protected area.

  • Laser Beam Alarm - a laser emitter floods a wall or fencing with a beam so that when this beam is disturbed by a physical object, an alarm is activated.

  • Photoelectric or Electric Eye Device - an invisible/visible beam is emitted and when this is disturbed or when an intruder breaks contact with the beam, it will activate the alarm.

SPACE AND MOTION DETECTORS

  • These systems derive their operating principle usually from a physical phenomenon known as “Doppler Effect” .

FOOT RAIL ACTIVATOR

  • That type of alarm is strategically attached in the floor near a teller of a bank or any establishment which is activated by applying pressure on the activation bar using the teller’s foot.

BILL TRAPS ACTIVATION DEVICE

  • Bill traps or currency activation devices are usually placed in the teller’s cash drawer and connected to the alarm system using a wire connector. When currency is removed from the device, the alarm is activated.

KNEE OR THIGH BUTTON

  • These are installed inside the desk or teller station so they can be activated by knee or thigh pressure. They are commonly found in location where personnel usually perform their duties from a seated position

FOOT BUTTON

  • Like the foot rail permits alarm activation safety while both hands remain clear in view of the robber.

DOUBLE SQUEEZE BUTTONS

  • Pressure is required on both sides of the device and therefore the probability of accidental alarm is reduced.

BIOMETRICS

  • A machine that can be used for identification of humans by their characteristics or traits.

KEY CONTROL

  • Has been installed, positive control of all keys must be gained and maintained.
The following methods can be used to maintain effective key control
  • Key Cabinet
  • Key Record
  • Inventories
  • Audits
  • Daily Report

WHAT IS A SECURITY CABINET?

  • The final line of defense at any facility is in the high security storage where papers, records, plans or cashable instrument , precious metals or other especially valuable assets are protected.
THREE TYPES OF SECURITY CABINET
  • SAFE
  • VAULT
  • FILE ROOM

SAFE

  • A metallic container used for the safekeeping of documents or small items in an office or installation.

Vault

  • heavily constructed fire and burglar resistance container usually a part of the building structure used to keep and protect cash, documents and negotiable instruments.

File Room

  • a cubicle in a building constructed a little lighter than a vault but a bigger size to accommodate limited people to work on the records inside.