ELA Freshman Notes

Final Exam. KNOW THE TERMS

Lord of the Flies

• Characters

  • Piggy

    • Intelligent, civilized, annoying 

    • Killed by boulder

  • Roger

    • Embodies the evil in all of us

    • When no rules: evolves to drop boulder 

  • Ralph

    • Leader. Help & do best for the boys. Wants to get home. 

    • “Force” ppl to do things they don’t want to but good for their society

  • Jack

    • Leader. Concerned w. Power, hunting

    • Selfish

    • Wants to be a dictator to be in charge

  • Simon

    • Most kind. Selfless

    • Gets murdered bc all goodness in world is gone (symbolic)

      • They think he’s the beast bc of the fear that overtakes them

  • Samneric

    • Twins. Finish each others’ sentences. 

    • Need for ppl to interact & be connected

• Parachute guy is shot down. They think he’s the beast

  • Samneric first see this “beast”

“The Most Dangerous Game”

1. Rainsford

• Main character

• Kills the dogs (Burmese tiger pit) then Ivan, then Zaroff hit in shoulder 

2. Ivan

• Dumb, mute, deaf, big

• Killed by a knife tied to a sapling

3. General Zaroff

• The hunter on the island

• Dies by fed to dogs (combat w/ Rainsford)

4. Whitney

• Argued about killing animals with Rainsford about how animals feel

  • Establishes irony

5. Setting

6. Conflict

7. Foreshadowing

• 22 caliber bullets

• People screaming

8. Irony

• Top of the food chain to the bottom of food chain

9. 3rd person omniscient

• Rainsford & Zaroff’s perspective

“The Necklace”

1. Mathilde 

• Longs to be rich

2. Loisel (husband)

• Sacrifices hunting gun for her dress

3. Madame Forrestier

• Necklace (fake) borrowed

4. Irony

• The necklace was a fake

5. Plot structure

• Exposition: ends when invitation given

• Rising action

• Climax: necklace lost

• Resolution: fake necklace

6. Tiny bit of foreshadowing

• The necklace case

“The Interlopers”

1. Georg Zynaem

• Poaching on the land

2. Ulrich Von Gradwitz

• Owns the land

3. Wolves

• Killed both characters 

4. Tree

• Traps the men

5. Dynamic characters

• Change mind bc both inn situation of death

6. Irony

• Were going to have friendship but killed by wolves

7. Conflict

• Character vs character/nature/society

“Cranes”

1. Songsam

• Taking Tokchae to his death

2. Tokchae

• Stayed home because of family (his dad was sick+farmer)

• Married to Shorty (flat character)

3. Flashback

• Childhood & friendship

• End story: cranes were about to be shot but saved by another crane (Songsam)

4. Symbolism: cranes flying away

5. Dynamic character (Songsam remembers from flashbacks. Changes him)

6. Theme

• Friendship is more important than government conflicts

“The Sniper”

1. Three free-states sniper (brother)

2. The republican sniper (main character)

• 1st person kills: armor truck guy 

• 2nd person: lady

• Kills free-states sniper by faking death with helmet then shoots brother 

3. Conflict

4. Setting

• Trapped in a small space. Creates suspense

• Ticking clock of sun coming up=suspense

5. Irony

• Kills his brother

6. Dynamic character

• Feels remorse. War has an effect

7. 3rd person limited 

• Audience doesn’t know the other sniper’s identity

“Cask of the Amontillado”

1. Fortunato

• victim 

2. Montressor

• Killer. Unreliable 1st person narrator  

3. Irony (3)

4. Foreshadowing

• Pulls out a trow (shovel used to spread concrete to build wall trap Fortunato alive)

• Nitre (mold) kills Fortunato

5. Symbolism

• Coat of arms: snake(Montressor) kills giant foot (Fortunato)

6. 1st person narrator/unreliable

“Gift of the Magi”

1. Della

• Buys chain for his watch, sacrifices hair

2. Jim

• Sells watch, buys comb

3. Irony

• Gifts are useless

4. Tone of the 3rd person narrator

• Personal (gives tour of house/story+interrupts narration)

5. Static character

• Love each other both before & after

6. connotation/denotation

• Gray (the mood for not having a gift)

“The Scarlet Ibis”

1. Doodle

• Has a bad heart condition

• Can’t walk

2. Doddle’s brother (1st person narrator)

• Purpose of getting Doodle to walk (so not embarrassed by bro, pride)

3. Ibis

• Symbol for Doodle

4. Foreshadowing/symbolism

• Symbolism: hurricane=doodle’s brother

• Bird dying foreshadows Doodle’s death

5. Flashback

• Most of the story is a flashback

6. Conflict

7. 1st person narration/dynamic character/reliable

• Narrator is honest about flashback (regret, remorse)

“I Have a Dream”

1. Imagery: Pathos

• Metaphors 

• Create emotions to make ppl feel better so no violence

2. Parallel structure

3. Repetition

4. Ad hominem 

• Talks about milita to not be voilent

5. Allusions

6. Occasion: March at Washington for rights on freedom

7. tone

• formal

“The Ballot or the Bullet”

1. Mostly logos

• Logically explain why violence sohuld be used

2. Little parallel structure, repetition, imagery

3. Some ethos

4. Ad hominem 

• Martin Luther King (hankerchief heads)

5. Rhetorical questions

6. Allusions

7. Occasion: church

8. tone

• Personal, conversational, small group, informal 

“Blood, Sweat, and Tears”

1. 1st half: ethos (get them on his side+what); 2nd half: pathos (what will happen)

• middle=little logos

2. Repetition; rhetorical questions; parallel structure

3. Convince ppl to love him (Churchill)

4. formal

“Invasion of Normandy”

1. Ethos, pathos, logos (equal)

• Ethos- not supposed to be there, respect

2. Diction: derogatory language

3. Ad hominem

4. Rouse ppl to win the war

5. Informal

6. General Patton

“Disappointment is the Lot of Women”

1. Mostly logos (little pathos at the end)

2. Lucy Stone

3. Purpose: display intellect & women deserve the right to be respected

• Marrying men for $$ vs love

• Paying same amount as taxes but paid less

Frankenstein

1. Victor

• oldest

2. Elizabeth

• adopted

3. Henry (Victor’s BFF)

4. Monster

5. Alponse (victor’s dad)

6. Caroline (victor’s mom)

7. Felix

8. Agatha (Felix’s sister)

9. Safie

• Learn to read; so monster learns to read

10. De Lacey

• Old man; blind

11. Mr. Kirwin

• Magistrate when victor accused of murdering Henry

• Written letter to Alphonse + went to Orkney islands 

12. Justine

• Maid

• Dies. Framed by monster for killing william 

13. William

• Youngest child

14. Foil

15. Margarite

16. Robert Walton

• Sailing to North Pole, writing to sister Margarite

17. Beaufort

• Alphonse’s friend, dad of Caroline (Victor’s dad)

Harlem by Langston Hughes

What happens to a dream deferred?

      Does it dry up

      like a raisin in the sun?

      Or fester like a sore—

      And then run?

      Does it stink like rotten meat?

      Or crust and sugar over—

      like a syrupy sweet?

      Maybe it just sags

      like a heavy load.

      Or does it explode?

Romeo and Juliet

1. Romeo

2. Juliet

3. Friar Lawrence

• Hobby: potions + herbs

4. Nurse

5. Capulet + lady

6. Montague + lady

7. Benvoilio

8. Mercutio

9. Tybalt

10. Prince Escalus

11. Paris

12. apothecary

• Sells Romeo the poison 

Oedipus

1. Oedipus

• Swollen foot

• Raised in Corinth, born in Thebes

2. Jocasta

• Oedipus’ wife/mom

3. Creon 

• brother/uncle of Jocasta

4. Tieresias

• Blind prophet/seer

5. Lauis

• Jocasta husband/Oedipus father

6. Merope + Polybus = adopted parents

The Odyssey

1. Odysseus

2. Penelope

3. Telemachus

4. Atinious 

5. Polyphemus (cyclops)

MLA Format:

• Times new roman

• Font: 12

• Size Margins: 1 inch  

• Header: ½ inch from top

• Front of every paper: 

  • First last name

  • Teacher name

  • Class/period number

  • Date (Day Month Year) 

• Quoting: Parenthetical citations 

  • Colon/description/sentence

  • Quotation marks & quote

  •  NO PUNCTUATION AT END OF QUOTE UNLESS ? OR !

  • End quote

  • (1st thing to show up in works cited page #). 

• Thesis statement: main argument of the essay

• Topic sentence: main argument of the body paragraph 

Greek tragedy terms

meter/iamic pentermeter 

Terms: