Graphic Design Notes

Types of Graphic Design Work

  • Visual Identity: logos, brand identity, style guides
  • Packaging Design: food, drinks, storage, products
  • Marketing and Advertising: leaflets, flyers, magazine and newspaper advertisements, posters, banners, billboards, infographics, vehicle wraps, brochures, in-store signage
  • Layout and Print (publication): magazines, newspapers, catalogues
  • Cover Artwork: music albums, books
  • Environmental: exhibitions, murals, event and conference space, museum display, launch events, celebrations, fayres, retail space
  • Special Events
  • Illustration: graphic novels, comic strips, websites, album and book covers, infographics, technical illustrations
  • Typography: kerning, leading, typeface, size, tracking

Graphic Design Brief

  • Requirements:
    • Different clients: corporate, public sector, independent
    • Client's design requirements: purpose
    • Research and analysis: design trends, target market, competitor research
    • Copyright considerations: images use of stock images, licensing
    • Content, typography
    • Target audience: primary, secondary, demographic
    • Contextual factors: personal, social, cultural, economic, political

Employment Opportunities in Graphic Design

  • Artworker: Prepares designs for production, checking and correcting text, images, or layout using computer graphics software.
  • Creative Director: Manages advertising and marketing efforts, plans advertisements, monitors campaigns, and shapes brand standards.
  • Advertising Art Director: Designs images for ad campaigns.
  • Animator: Creates films for commercials, computer games, music videos, and websites using sequential images.
  • Illustrator: Creates visual images through design, art, and creative skills.
  • Concept Artist: Develops initial visual concepts for characters, props, vehicles, and environments.
  • Typographer: Creates or alters typefaces for specific needs.

Employers

  • Graphic Design Agencies: Work on various projects for different brands.
  • Freelance Graphic Designer: Works independently on multiple projects for multiple clients.
  • In-house Graphic Designer: Employed by a single organization or brand.

Effective Use of Resources

  • Planning a graphic design project.
  • Considering the most efficient use of methods and processes.
  • Anticipating difficulties (availability of supplies, working to deadlines).
  • Avoiding waste: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
  • Cost-effective.

Briefs

  • Commercial: Selling artwork for business purposes.
  • Competition: Opportunity to gain recognition.
  • Collaborative: Working with multiple designers.
  • Open Call: Freedom to experiment with design proposals.
  • Closed Brief: Limits the range of solutions.

Design Constraints

  • Copyright considerations.
  • Expected timescales of work/tasks (collecting information, research, planning, building design concepts, production).
  • Resources needed (materials, tools, computer, software, hardware).

Stages of the Development Process

  • Planning: Layout Sketches, Mind Maps, First Sketches, Research
  • Design Development: Refinement of first sketches, Experimentation, Drafts, Final Idea

Tools and Techniques

  • Pens, brushes, pencils, tablet, scanner, software, camera
  • Colour Mixing, Gradients, Contrast, Alignment
  • Digital Image Manipulation, Digital Illustration, Photography
  • Mono Print, Lino Print, Stencil
  • Freehand Drawing (Digital & Hand-Drawn), Scanning, Collage

Ongoing Review

  • Client requirements
  • Communication of ideas
  • Appropriateness for target audience
  • Potential problems and solutions (time, resources, skills)
  • Refinement of experimentation

Physical Graphic Design Equipment

  • Drawing Boards
  • Set Squares
  • French Curves
  • T Squares & Rulers
  • Compasses and Dividers
  • Printer/Scanner

Digital Graphic Design Equipment

  • Camera
  • Illustration Software: Adobe Illustrator
  • Photo-Manipulation Software: Adobe Photoshop
  • Desktop Publishing Software: Adobe InDesign
  • Web Design Software: Adobe XD

Design Disciplines

  • Illustration
  • Advertising
  • Branding & Corporate Identity
  • Packaging Graphics
  • Typography
  • Digital Design
  • Communication Design

How to Self Promote

  • CV
  • Online presence (social media, websites, blogs)
  • Networking (online, face to face)
  • Business cards

Physical Graphic Design Materials

  • Card
  • Paper
  • Laminate

Digital Graphic Design Materials

  • Stock Images
  • Original Images
  • Scanned Artwork

Paper Sizes

  • A7
  • A6
  • A5
  • A4: 297x210 mm
  • A3: 297x420 mm
  • A2: 595x420 mm
  • A1
  • A0: 595x841 mm