Oct 8 - Doping in Sport

Doping in Sport

  • Instructor: Nicole Lee

  • Course: Kine 2079

  • Date: October 8, 2024

Midterm

  • Upcoming midterm information

Reminders

  • Important reminders for students

Panel Discussion

Structure

  • Panel format and expectations

Your Responsibilities

  • Take notes to support your final paper

  • Notes due individually on D2L by WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 23 @ 11:59pm

  • Points awarded for attendance and timely submission

Panel #3 Details

  • Date: November 5th

  • Questions due: Tuesday, October 29 @ 7pm

Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs)

  • Definition: Substances providing competitive advantage or improving performance/recovery

  • Types: May include banned or regulated substances

Examples of PEDs

  • Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS)

  • Erythropoietin (EPO)

  • Common supplements: Caffeine, protein powders, creatine, amino acids

Reasons for Misuse

  • Treatment for low testosterone or muscle growth issues

  • Side effects: High blood pressure, blood clots, heart issues, stroke, aggression, etc.

Specific Drugs

EPO

  • Used in endurance sports to increase red blood cell production

  • Enhances oxygen delivery to muscles

  • Naturally produced by kidneys

Blood Doping

  • Raising red blood cell count through injection

Effects on the Body

  • Helps metabolize fatty acids for efficient oxygen use

  • Prohibited since 2014

  • May cause dizziness, headaches, irregular heartbeats, etc.

Timeline of PEDs in Sport

Historical Milestones

  • Ancient Olympics: Use of narcotics

  • 1900s: Stimulants in cycling and swimming

  • 1960: First doping-related death, Knud Enemark Jensen

Notable Cases

  • Jensen's death during 1960 Olympics from heat stroke

  • 1988 Olympic scandal involving a disqualified Canadian sprinter

Performance Statistics

  • Before AAS: 10.25 seconds; World record after: 9.79 seconds

Detection and Avoidance

  • Athletes develop ways to avoid detection

  • Anti-doping organizations adapt methods to combat this

Methods of Avoidance

  • Skipping tests, lying about location, using others' urine/blood

  • Use of IV fluids to flush out evidence

High-Profile Doping Cases

Lance Armstrong

  • Notable for the success and eventual doping scandal

  • Accusations and consequences

Russia's Doping Scandal

  • Over 150 athletes caught; state-sponsored program

  • Suspended from international competitions for 4 years

Kamila Valieva Case (2022 Olympics)

  • Positive test during the Games led to provisional results

  • Disqualification and associated controversies

Questions Raised

  • Accountability for the minor athlete

  • Discussion on support systems and mental health concerns

Future Implications

  • Russia's potential medal ceremonies and ongoing investigation into Valieva's case.