Untitled Flashcards Set

Bull Moose Party

A progressive political party formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 after a split with the Republican Party, advocating for progressive reforms.

17th Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1913) that established the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people.

“New Nationalism”

The political philosophy promoted by Theodore Roosevelt, advocating for strong government intervention to regulate business and promote social welfare.

Muckrakers

Journalists in the early 20th century who exposed corruption and social injustices, leading to reforms during the Progressive Era.

18th Amendment

The constitutional amendment (1919) that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the U.S.

“New Freedom”

Woodrow Wilson’s political philosophy, emphasizing limited government, breaking up monopolies, and fostering competition in the economy.

Hull House

A settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889, providing social services and education to immigrants and the urban poor.

19th Amendment

The constitutional amendment (1920) granting women the right to vote.

Conservation v. Preservation

Conservation is the sustainable use of natural resources, while preservation advocates for protecting natural areas from human use.

Jacob Riis

A journalist and photographer who exposed the harsh living conditions of the urban poor, especially in New York City, through his work How the Other Half Lives.

Atlanta Compromise

A 1895 speech by Booker T. Washington, advocating for vocational training and gradual equality for African Americans.

Federal Reserve System (1913)

A central banking system established to regulate the economy, control inflation, and manage the money supply.

Upton Sinclair

A writer and muckraker whose novel The Jungle (1906) exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to food safety reforms.

NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to fight for civil rights and equality for African Americans.

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

A law that strengthened antitrust laws to prevent monopolies and protect workers' rights, particularly addressing the issue of price discrimination.

Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)

A law that established regulations to ensure the safety and labeling of food and drugs, marking the beginning of modern consumer protection.

United Mine Workers Strike

A major labor strike in 1902 by coal miners for better wages, working conditions, and recognition of their union, which led to negotiations with the government.

16th Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1913) that authorized the federal government to impose an income tax.

“Square Deal”

The domestic program proposed by Theodore Roosevelt that focused on fairness and equality, particularly in business, labor, and consumer protection.

Henry Cabot Lodge

A U.S. Senator and historian known for his opposition to the League of Nations after World War I and his advocacy for U.S. imperialism.

“Big Stick” Diplomacy

The foreign policy of Theodore Roosevelt, which advocated for using military power to achieve international goals, symbolized by the phrase "speak softly and carry a big stick."

Liberty Bonds

War bonds sold by the U.S. government during World War I to finance military expenses, promoting patriotism and public participation in the war effort.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A U.S. naval officer and strategist whose book The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890) advocated for a strong navy to support American imperialism.

Roosevelt Corollary

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine articulated by Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, stating that the U.S. would intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability.

War Industries Board

A U.S. government agency established during World War I to coordinate production and allocate resources for the war effort.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized and exaggerated news reporting, often used to provoke emotional reactions and influence public opinion, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Platt Amendment

A 1901 amendment to the Cuban constitution that limited Cuba's sovereignty and allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs.

Great Migration

The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North between 1916 and 1970, seeking better economic opportunities and escaping racial discrimination.

de Lome Letter

A 1898 letter written by the Spanish ambassador to the U.S., criticizing President McKinley, which helped fuel tensions leading to the Spanish-American War.

Panama Canal

A man-made waterway across Panama, completed in 1914, that connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, facilitating global trade and military movement.

Committee on Public Information

A U.S. government agency established during World War I to promote public support for the war through propaganda.

“Remember the Maine”

A slogan used to rally support for the Spanish-American War, following the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor in 1898, which was blamed on Spain.

“Dollar Diplomacy”

A foreign policy under President William Howard Taft, aimed at expanding American economic interests abroad, particularly in Latin America and East Asia.

League of Nations

An international organization established after World War I as part of the Treaty of Versailles, intended to maintain peace and prevent future conflicts.

Jones Act

A 1917 law that granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans and provided for a local government structure on the island.

Sedition Act (1918)

A law passed during World War I that criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or flag, limiting freedom of speech during wartime.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, signed in 1919, which imposed harsh penalties on Germany and led to significant changes in European political borders.

Josiah Strong

A Protestant clergyman and missionary who advocated for American imperialism, believing that the U.S. had a duty to spread its values and Christianity.

Zimmerman Telegram

A secret diplomatic communication from Germany to Mexico in 1917, proposing a military alliance against the U.S., which helped precipitate America's entry into World War I.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. foreign policy aimed at ensuring equal trade access to China for all nations and preventing colonial powers from creating exclusive spheres of influence.

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

The U.S. military force sent to Europe during World War I, led by General John J. Pershing, that helped turn the tide of the war in favor of the Allies.