multi store model of memory

Multi-Store Model of Memory

• Key Concepts

  • Multi-store model: A theory that describes how information is processed in memory.

  • Memory types: Iconic and echoic memory.

Types of Memory

• Iconic Memory

  • Definition: Visual encoding of information.

  • Characteristics: Very short duration, brief retention of visual stimuli.

• Echoic Memory

  • Definition: Acoustic encoding of information.

  • Characteristics: Retains auditory information, also for a short duration.

• Other Sensory Stores

  • Include: Touch, taste, and smell.

  • Duration: Extremely brief, similar to visual and auditory retention.

  • Capacity: Very high; capable of holding vast amounts of information temporarily.

Attention and Memory Processing

• Role of Attention

  • Information moves from sensory memory to the memory system further if attention is paid.

  • Without attention, information is likely to be lost.

Serial Position Effect (Glanzer and Cunitz, 1966)

• Definition: The tendency to recall the first and last items in a series better than those in the middle.

• Components

  • Primary Effect

    • First few items are rehearsed, increasing chances of recall.

  • Recency Effect

    • Last few items are still fresh in Short-Term Memory (STM), leading to better recall.

Rehearsal and Retrieval

• Maintenance Rehearsal

  • Definition: The process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about the information to keep it in STM.

  • Rehearsal loop: A technique to prolong retention of information in STM.

• Role of Rehearsal

  • Information is coded from Short-Term Memory (STM) to Long-Term Memory (LTM) through rehearsal and retrieval.