APUSH chapter 25

Kitchen Debate: A 1959 debate over the merits of their rival systems between US vice president Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev at the opening of an American exhibition in Moscow 

At the close of World War II the United States occupied an unprecedented Global position as the only major industrial nation not devastated by the conflict. The united states had finally ended their depression 

Bretton Woods: An International Conference in New Hampshire in July 1944 that established the World Bank and international monetary fund (IMF)

World Bank: An International Bank created to provide loans for the Reconstruction of war-torn Europe as well as for the development of former colonized Nations 

International Monetary Fund (IMF): A fun established to stabilize currencies and provide a predictable monetary environment for trade, with the US dollar serving as the benchmark 

Military-industrial complex: A term President Eisenhower used to refer to the military establishment and defense contractors who, he warned, exercise undue influence over the national government 

Sputnik: The world's first satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. after it's launch, the United States funded research and education to catch up in the Cold War space competition 

National Defense education act: A 1958 act that funneled millions of dollars into American universities, helping institutions such as Stanford and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology become leading research centers 

America's annual GDP jumped from $213 billion in 1945 to more than 500 billion in 1960; by 1970, it exceeded 1 trillion. This sustained economic growth helped produce a 25% rise in real income for ordinary Americans between World War II and the 1960s. This prosperity was not accompanied with inflation 

The Affluent Society (1958): A 1958 book by John Kenneth Galbraith that analyzed the nation's successful middle class and argued that the poor  were only an afterthought in the minds of economists and politicians

The Other American: A 1962 book by left wing social credit Michael harrington, chronicling the Persistence of poverty in the United States and what he called the nation's economic underworld 

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill): Popular known as the GI bill, this 1944 legislation authorized the government to provide World War II veterans with funds for education, housing, and healthcare, as well as business and home loans 

Veterans Administration (VA): A federal agency that exists former soldiers following the world war ii, VA helped veterans purchase new homes with no down payment, sparking a building boom that created construction jobs and field consumer spending on home appliances and Automobiles 

Increase levels of education, growing home ownership, and higher wages created by one historian has called a consumers Republic 

Baby Boom: The surge in the American birth rate between 1945 and 1965 which peaked in 1957 with 4.3 million births 

Much of the culture of consumers Republic arrived through television the dawn of TV transformed everyday life with astonishing speed 

Teenager: A term for young adults. American Youth culture, focused on the spending power of the teenager, emerged as a culture phenomenon in the 1950s 

Rock and roll more than anything Define youth culture 

Beats: A small group of literary figures based in cities such as new york, Los angeles, and San Francisco in the 1950s who rejected mainstream culture and instead celebrated personal freedom, which often included drug consumption and sexual adventurism

Levittown: A long island, new york, suburb, built by William J Levin in the late 1940s that used mass production techniques to build modest, affordable houses. other levittowns were built in Pennsylvania and New Jersey 

Shelley v. Kraemer: A 1948 Supreme Court decision that outlawed racially restrictive housing occupancy covenants. however, racial discrimination persisted until the passage of Fair Housing Act in 1968 

National interstate and defense highways act: A 1956 law authorizing the construction of 42,500 Miles of new highways and their integration into a single national highway system 

The first Suburban shopping centers appeared outside of boston, Los angeles, and Seattle in 1949

Sunbelt: Name applied to the southwest and south, which grew rapidly after World War II as a center of Defense Industries and non-unionized labor 

Kerner commission: The national advisory Commission on civil disorders, which investigated the 1967's urban riots. it's 1968 report warned of the dangers of two societies “one black one white, separate and unequal”