CH 21 lecture: Stages of Gum Disease and Importance of Oral Hygiene

Gingivitis
- Initial stage of gum disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums.
- Common symptoms include redness, swelling, and bleeding during brushing or flossing.
Progression to Periodontitis
- If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which involves deeper gum infection.
- In periodontitis, the gums pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that can become infected.
- It can lead to tooth loss if not managed properly.
Symptoms of Periodontitis
- Symptoms may include persistent bad breath, receding gums, and loose teeth.
Severe Periodontitis
- As periodontitis advances, the bone that supports teeth may be damaged, resulting in significant mobility of teeth and potential loss.
Treatment Options
- Regular dental cleanings and improved oral hygiene can reverse gingivitis.
- More advanced cases may require scaling and root planing or surgical interventions to restore health.

Maintaining good oral hygiene is critical to prevent the progression of gum disease.
- Regular brushing (at least twice daily) and flossing contribute to gum health and the prevention of gingivitis.
Routine dental check-ups can help detect early signs of gum disease and provide timely treatment, reducing the risk of severe complications.