human respiratory system

Human respiratory system

  • a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide


Nasal Cavity

  • main entrance for airflow

  • filters, humidifies air to prevent foreign particles to enter the lungs

Pharynx

  • tube like passage where food and air tubes meet

  • at its lower end of the pharynx is a flap of tissue called the epiglottis

Larynx

  • the airway to which 2 pairs of horizontal folds of tissue called vocal cords are attached



Trachea

  • air passage under the larynx and runs down behind the breastbone

Bronchi

  • found at the base of the trachea

  • branches into the left ad right bronchi and delivers air to the lungs

Bronchioles

  • delivers air from bronchi to alveoli

Alveoli

  • tiny branches located at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs

Lungs

  • main organ located at the thoracic (chest) cavity which are almost entirely filled with air spaces

Respiration

  • the overall exchange of gases between the atmosphere. blood and cells

Breathing

  • the process of air moving in and out of the lungs

External Respiration

  • the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood between the lung

Internal Respiration

  • exchange between the blood and body cells

TYPES OF GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEMS

Gills

  • external gills

  • internal gills

Lungs

  • found in land animals where gas exchange occurs

Tracheal Systems

  • used by insects

Inhalation

  • diaphragm contracts (moves down)

  • air comes in

  • pressure in lungs decreases

  • ribcage expands

  • diaphragm contracts

Exhalation

  • diaphragm relaxes (moves up)

  • air comes out

  • pressure in lungs increases

  • ribcages shrinks

  • diaphragm relaxes


Common cold

  • viral infection, symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, and mild fever, rest and hydration will alleviate it

Influenza

  • contagious illness caused by mycoviruses, can lead to pneumonia, vaccines and antiviral drugs can help

Pneumonia

  • lung infections, symptoms: fever, chest pain, fluid in lungs, difficulty in breathing, inflames the air sacs

Tuberculosis

  • contagious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, symptoms: persistent cough bloody sputum, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, and chest pain

Bronchitis

  • inflammation or swelling, can be either acute or chronic

Asthma

  • a chronic allergic reaction that makes breathing airways narrower and swollen with an increased production of mucus

Emphysema

  • a lung condition that causes shortness of breath and reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, due to respiratory irritants like tobacco and pollutants

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

  • a chronic lung disease that makes breathing difficult and causes cough, mucus and wheezing.

Lung cancer

  • caused by bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis), can spread through respiratory droplets by coughing, sneezing or spitting phlegm, can spread to the bones joints urinary tract, and the central nervous system, symptoms: strong cough, bloody sputum, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, low grade fever, night sweats, lost of appetite and pain when breathing or coughing