Acids, Bases, and Common Chemicals

Strong Acids

• Strong acids completely dissociate into their ions when dissolved in water.

• Examples of strong acids include:

  • Hydrochloric acid: $HCl$

  • Hydrobromic acid: $HBr$

  • Nitric acid: $HNO3$

  • Sulfuric acid: $H<em>2SO</em>4$

  • Perchloric acid: $HClO_4$

Strong Bases

• Strong bases completely dissociate into their ions when dissolved in water.

• Examples of strong bases include:

  • Sodium hydroxide: $NaOH$

  • Lithium hydroxide: $LiOH$

  • Potassium hydroxide: $KOH$

  • Barium hydroxide: $Ba(OH)_2$

  • Calcium hydroxide: $Ca(OH)_2$

Weak Acids

• Weak acids only partially dissociate into their ions when dissolved in water.

  • Hydrofluoric acid: $HF$

  • Carbonic acid: H2CO3

  • Acetic acid: $CH_3COOH$

  • Hydrogen cyanide: $HCN$

  • Sulfurous acid: $H<em>2SO</em>3$

Weak Bases

• Weak bases only partially dissociate into their ions when dissolved in water.

  • Ammonia: $NH_3$

  • Silver hydroxide: $AgOH$

Common Names of Chemicals

• Sodium chloride (table salt): $NaCl$

• Sodium carbonate (washing soda): $Na<em>2CO</em>3$

• Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda): $NaHCO_3$

• Calcium carbonate (chalk): $CaCO_3$

• Ammonium chloride (Salammoniac): $NH_4Cl$