2.2: European Colonization

French

  • French interested in finding a water route thru Americas to Asia

  • 1608: Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec

  • French: trade > conquest

    • Fish and fur trade

    • Few colonizers, mostly merchants

    • Settlements: trading posts

    • Married natives to gain access to trading networks among native peoples

  • Mutual benefits between French and Ojibwe

    • Ojibwe: prepared beaver pelts

    • French: introduced iron cookware, farming tools, manufactured cloth

Dutch

  • Dutch had same goal of passage; Henry Hudson sailed up Hudson River

    • Founded New Amsterdam

      • Trading hub

      • Attracted traders, fishermen, farmers

  • Dutch goals economic

    • No interest converting natives

English

  • Economic goals

  • English economy drastically changed by:

    • Columbian Exchange

    • War with France

    • Conquest of Ireland

  • Noble and peasant hardship

    • Enclosure movement: took land from common people and sold it to private parties

    • Both sought economic opportunities

  • Key motivations:

    • Land

    • Religious freedom

    • Economic opportunity

    • Improved living conditions

  • English came as families, diff from other countries

    • Founded society, did not land in empires