Topic 9 - Probability

random of or characterizing a process of selection in which each item of a set has an equal probability of being chosen 2. probability the proportion of times the outcome would occur in a very long series of repetitions 3. independence the outcome of one trial must not infuence the outcome of another 4. random phenomenon outcomes that we can not predict but that nonetheless have a regular distribution in very many repetitions 5. sample space (s) in a random phenomenon, it is the set of all possible outcomes 6. event is an outcome or a set of outcomes of a random phenomenon 7. disjoint events A and B have no outcomes in common 8. independent when events A and B occur, one event does not change the probability of the other 9. continuous random variable a random variable that may assume any numerical value within the range of values. the range may be infnite or bounded at either or both ends 10. density curve a curve that is on or above the horizontal axis, and has an area of exactly one underneath it 11. discrete random variable a random variable that can take one of a fnite number of distinct outcomes probability distribution lists the values and their probabilities 13. probability histogram a graph of the probability distribution that divides up the range of possible values in a data set into classes or groups 14. random variable a variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a random phenomenon (shown by a capital letter, often X) 15. uniform distribution a density curve with a height of 1, ranging from 0 to 1 16. binomial setting given a fxed number of independent observations and the fact that each observation falls into either "success" or "failure", the probability of success is the same for each observation 17. binomial random variable the random variable X = number of successes if the data is produced in a binomial setting 18. binomial distribution given parameters n and p, the distribution of the count X of successes in the binomial setting 19. probability distribution function (PDF) Assigns a probability to each value of X 20. Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) assigns the sum of probabilities for values less than or equal to X 21. binomial coefcient The number of ways of arranging k successes among n observations 22. Binomial Probability If X has the binomial distribution with n observation and probability p of success on each observation, the possible values of X are 0, 1, 2, ..., n. 23. union (u) of events A and B contains all outcomes in A, in B, or in both A and B 24. joint event The simultaneous occurrence of two events 25. joint probability the probability of a joint event 26. gives the probability of one event under the condition that we know another event conditional probability 27. intersection (n) contains all outcomes that are in both A and B, but not outcomes in A or B alone 28. compliment of any event A is the event that A does not occur, written as A^c