Preterite Tense of Regular-AR, ER,IR Verbs

AR

Yo - é nosotros -amos

Tú - aste vosotros -asteis

Él, ella, Ud - ó ellos, ellas, Uds -aron

IR, ER

Yo - í nosotros -imos

Tú -iste vosotros -isteis

Él, ella, Ud -ió ellos, ellas, Uds -ieron

Verbs Ending in -CAR/-GAR/-ZAR in the Preterite

Verbs ending in -car, -gar, -zar have a spelling change in the “yo” form only to maintain the correct pronunciation.

For -CAR verbs the ending for “yo” form is ALWAYS “-qué”

-CAR Verbs: buscar = to look for sacar = to take out explicar = to explain

tocar = to touch practicar = to practice

For -GAR verbs the ending for “yo” form is ALWAYS “-gué”

-GAR Verbs: jugar = to play llegar = to arrive pagar = to pay

For -ZAR verbs the ending for “yo” form is ALWAYS “-cé”

-ZAR Verbs: almorzar = to have lunch comenzar = to begin empezar = to start

-IR/Ser = went, was, were Hacer = made, did

fui hice

fuiste hiciste

fue hizo

fuimos hicimos

fuisteis hicisteis

fueron hicieron

Dar= gave ver= saw

di vi

diste viste

dio vio

dimos vimos

disteis visteis

dieron vieron

  • What makes dar strange is that it is conjugated like ver even though it is an – ar verb.

Preterite Tense of Irregular Verbs

meaning | stem

Andar = walked/went —> anduv Use a preterite ending!

estar = was/became —> estuv

tener= got/ received —>tuv

poder= to be able to —> pud

poner = put/ placed —> pus

saber = found out/learned—> sup

querer= want/ wanted —> quis

hacer = made/did —> hic Note: yo form is hizo

venir= came —> vin

decir=said/told —> dij

traer= brought—>traj

conducir= drove—>conduj

Imperfect Tense of Regular Verbs

-AR -ER, -IR

Yo aba ía

Tú abas ías

Él, ella, Ud aba ía

Nosotros ábamos íamos

vosotros abais íais

ello, ellas, Uds aban ían

Irregular Imperfect Conjugations

There are only three verbs with irregular conjugations in the imperfect: ir, ser, and ver. Here they are!

Ir and ser don’t have accent marks except for the “Nosotros” form. Ver has accent marks over every í.

Ir= to go Ser= to be Ver=to see

yo iba era veía

Tú ibas eras veías

Él, ella, Ud iba era veía

nosotros íbamos éramos veíamos

vosotros ibais erais veíais

ellos, ellas, Uds iban eran veían

Reflexive Verbs

yo me

Tú te

Él, ella, Ud se

nosotros nos

vosotros os

ellos, ellas, Uds se

Direct Object Pronouns

Direct object pronouns replace direct objects. The direct object in a sentence receives the verb (the action). Direct object pronouns are placed before the conjugated verb.

DOP

yo me

Tú te i

Él, ella, ud lo, la

nosotros nos

vosotros os

ellos, ellas, Uds los,las

Direct objects are: who/what receives the action.

Ex: Veo a mi madre.

Mi made is the direct object. Mi made is the one who receives the look (veo).

DOP PLacements

1.) Attach too infinitive ( words that end in -ar-er-ir/ not conjugated)

  • Third to last vowel must be accented

Ex: Quiero comerla

I want to eat it.

2.) Attach to gerund ( in context to Spanish- words that end in “iéndo” or “ando” . In English, it is equivalent to words ending in “ing”)

Ex: Estoy comiéndola

3.) Attach to affirmative command

4.) Before conjugated verb

Ex: Lo hago — I do it

Indirect Objects

Indirect objects answer the questions: to who/what and for who/what.

IOP

me

te

le to/for him/her/it/

nos

os

les to/for them/ you all

  • IOP placement is the same as DOP

Using Both Indirect Pronouns and Direct Pronouns Together

  • When using both IOP and DOP in the same sentence, IOP comes FIRST!

  • Ex: ?Compartiste el secreto con tu madre?

    El secreto = lo

    Con tu madre = le

    Si, se lo comparti.

  • The third person IOP (le/les) changes to SE when used with the DOP