1.1/1.2 notes

Light microscope:

-limit of 0.3pm
Electron microscope:

shorter wavelengths to see smaller organelles

Fluorescence:
-uses wavelength of light to bring energy in form of fluorescent light to see wavelengths of molecule
- excite molecule using strong light to emit different wavelengths
- GFP to use promoter of genes to control
- allows you to slice light at different levels

FRET:
-resonance energy transfer
-transfer to figure out if two molecules are close to each other - one molecule charged with energy and if the other is nearby, then energy is transferred to the second molecule and gives signal
-temporarily because only on living organisms
-used to make biosensors

Atomic force:
-produces images from structure of molecules

Crossing over of chromosomes: recombination required more chromosomal space
If two genes are very close, more likely to be inherited together
If far, recombinant
Linkage equilibrium means combination would occur independently


-Bacterial conjugation:
-bacteria exchange genetic information, use plasmids
Agar bacteria in plants use
-Phages to infect bacteria