Quarter-2-Music-Afro-Latin-American-and-Popular-Music-Handout

G10-QUARTER 2-MUSIC

AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN AND POPULAR MUSIC

MUSIC OF AFRICA

  1. TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA

AFRICAN MUSIC – This music is a collective result of the cultural and musical diversity of more than 50 ethnic divisions of the content and it is largely functional in nature, used primarily in ceremonial rites such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship and spirit invocations.

African Music Style and Genres

  1. Afrobeat- is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American music.
  2. Apala (Akpala) – It is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, used to wake-up worshippers after fasting during Ramadan.

Percussion instruments includes…

  1. Rattle (Sekere)
  2. Thumb Piano (Agidigbo)
  3. Bell (Agogo)
  4. 2 or 3 Talking Drums
  5. Axe – popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Carribean styles of the marcha, reggae, and calypso and is played by carnival bands.
  6. Jit – hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment. It is a Traditional Music of Africa from Zimbabwe.
  7. Jive - popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
  8. Juju ­– popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where instruments are more Western in origin.

A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar and accordion are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squezze drum)

  1. Kwassa kwassa – is a dance style begun in Zaire in the late 1980s, popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move back and forth while the arms follow the hip movements.
  2. Marabi ­– is a South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s which evolved into African jazz. It makes use of a keyboard style that combines American jazz, ragtime and blues with African roots. It is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dancers more time on the dance floor.
  3. LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY AFRICAN MUSIC
  4. Reggae – It composed a Western-style melodic-harmonic base with African sounds and characteristics, American pop and rock music mannerisms, and a preference for a loud volume in the bass. The best-known proponent of reggae music is Bob Marley.  
  5. Salsa – music is Cuban, Puerto Rican and Colombian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.
  6. Samba – It is a Brazilian musical genre and style and it has basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music. It is lively and has rhythmical beat with three steps to every bar, making it feels like a timed dance.  
  7. Soca – is also known as the “soul of calypso”. It is originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago.
  8. WERE - Is a Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations.
  9. ZOUK - Is a fast, carnival-like rhythmic music, from the creole slang word for “party”.
  10. BLUES - Is a musical form of the late 19th century that had deep roots in African-American communities. These communities were located in the so-called “Deep South” of the United States.
  11. SOUL - It originated in the United States and combined elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.
  12. SPIRITUAL - It is normally associated with a deeply religious person. In music, it refers to a song form, known as the “Negro spiritual,” sung by African slaves in America who became enslaved by its white communities.
  13. CALL AND RESPONSE - It is a method of a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct commentary on or response to the first.

MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA

Latin American Music

-is the product of three major influences- Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African.

Popular Latin American Music

  1. Samba- dance form of African origins around 1838 which evolved into an African-Brazilian invention in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro.
  2. Son- Fusion of the popular music or “canciones” of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin.
  3. Salsa- Social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in New York in the mid 1970s.

Vocal and Dance Forms of Latin American Music

  1. Cumbia - originated in Panama, popular courtship dance.
  2. Tango - may have been of African origin meaning “African Dance”or from the Spanish word “Taner” meaning “to play” an instrument.
  3. Cha cha – is a ballroom dance that originated in the Cuba in the 1950s. It was derived from mambo and its characteristic rhythm.
  4. Rumba - recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, normally used as a ballroom dance where a solo dancer or couple would be in an embrace though slightly apart.
  5. Bossa Nova - originated in 1950s when a slower, gentler version of the classic Cuban samba became popular with the upper and middle class sectors of Brazilian society.
  6. Reggae - a Latin American music (influenced by African Music) from Jamaica
  7. Foxtrot - is a 20th century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA. There was no fixed step pattern, instead borrowing from other dance forms and having a simple forward/backward sequence.
  8. Paso Doble - “double step” is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights.

JAZZ MUSIC

  1. Ragtime - is an American popular musical style mainly for piano, that originated in the Afro-American communities of St. Louis and New Orleans. It is also the modification of the marching mode.
  2. Big Band - refers to a large ensemble form originating in the United States in the mid-1920s closely associated with the Swing Era and its jazz elements.
  3. Bepop - or pop is a musical style of modern jazz that emerged during the World War II.
  4. Jazz Rock - Music of 1960s and 1970s bands that inserted jazz elements into rock music. It is also the synonym for jazz fusion and mix of funk and R&B.

POPULAR MUSIC OR POP MUSIC

Popular music - This style or genre is consisted of music to entertain a large number of people, whether on radio or in live performances and literally means “music of the populace,” similar to traditional folk music of the past.

  1. FOLK MUSIC - refers to the music pertains to melodies and songs of the common people handed down one generation to the next. This music commonly expresses the character of ethnic and social groups, and sometimes of a nation.

Singer & Musicians in the United States

  1. Woody Guthrie
  2. Bob Dylan
  3. Joan Baez
  4. Joni Mitchell
  5. John Denver
  6. James Taylor
  7. Cat Stevens
  8. Group Peter, Paul and Mary
  9. Duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel
  10. COUNTRY AND WESTERN MUSIC - is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and it reflects the people’s life experiences and local settings.

PIONEERING COUNTRY MUSIC ARTISTS

  1. Johnny Cash
  2. Loretta Lynn
  3. Roy Rogers
  4. Jimmy Rodgers
  5. Patsy Cline
  6. Jim Reeves

POPULAR COUNTRY SINGERS

  1. Tim McGraw
  2. Faith Hill
  3. Keith Urban
  4. Shania Twain
  5. Carries Underwood
  6. Trisha Yearwood
  7. Toby Keith
  8. Brad Paisley
  9. Taylor Swift

FAMED DUET PARTNERS

Kenny Rogers & Dolly Parton

  1. BALLADS - The ballad originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically about love. Used by poets and composers since the 18th century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19th century.

Today, the term ballad refers to a love song in a slightly pop or rock style, with the following variations:

  1. Blues Ballads - fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from the 19th century that often deals with anti-heroes resisting authority.
  2. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads - A blues style built.

Artists

George Gershwin

Irving Berlin

Duke Ellington

  1. Pop and Rock Ballads - Is an emotional love song with suggestion of folk music as in the Beatles’ composition.

Artists

Billy Joel

Don Mclean

  1. STANDARDS - In music, the term “standard” is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular genre or style

Proponents of this style:

Frank Sinatra – My Way

Nat King Cole – Unforgettable

Matt Monroe – Portrait of my Love

  1. ROCK AND ROLL - was a hugely popular song form in the United States during the late 1940’s to the 1960’s. It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with the Western swing and country music. The lead instruments were the

piano and saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by modern instruments.

Proponents:

Elvis Presley

Chuck Berry

Little Richard

John Lennon

Paul McCartney

  1. DISCO - The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music known as “disco.” Disco music pertained to rock music that was more danceable, thus leading to the establishment of venues for public dancing also called discos.

Superstars of the disco genre:

The Bee Gees, ABBA, Donna Summer (“The Queen of Disco”), TheBee Gees; Earth, Wind, and Fire; KC and the Sunshine Band; The Village People; and Gloria Gaynor, bringing us such hits as Dancing Queen, Stayin’ Alive, Boogie Wonderland, and Hot Stuff.

  1. POP MUSIC - Parallel with the disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge.

Pop Music Artists

Neil Sedaka

Diana Ross and the Supremes

Olivia Newton John

Stevie Wonder

Elton John

The Carpenters

Barry Manilow

Pop Superstars Solo Artists

Celine Dion

Madonna

Whitney Houston

Mariah Carey

Justin Timberlake

Britney Spears

Beyonce

Lady Gaga

Bruno Mars

Boyz II Men

Backstreet boys

N’Sync

Michael Jackson

Today’s Pop Music Idol

One Direction

Rihanna

Ed Sheeran

8. HIP HOP AND RAP - Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that usually (but not always) includes portions of rhythmically chanted words called “rap.” In rapping, the artist speaks

along with an instrumental or synthesized beat.

9. ALTERNATIVE MUSIC - Alternative music was an underground independent form of music that arose in the 1980’s.It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy “mainstream” rock music. Thus, it was known for his unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes.

Example:

You belong with me

Shake it off

CLASSICAL MUSIC MADE POPULAR

CROSSOVER PERFORMANCES:

CLASSICAL AND POP - Combine classical compositions with popular pieces such as jazz, rock and folk music in the same concert or recording.

OPERA GREATS

  1. Luciano Pavarotti
  2. Placido Domingo
  3. Jose Carreras
  4. Andrea Boccelli

PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC

The one word that comes to mind when we think of contemporary Philippine music is the type commonly termed as Original Pinoy Music or Original Philippine Music,or OPM for short.

  1. OPM (ORIGINAL PHILIPPINE MUSIC)

Among the classics (Between 1980s to 1990s) that emerged were those created by:

  1. RYAN CAYABYAB (Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika, Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang)
  2. GEORGE CANSECO (Kapantay ay Langit, Kastilyong Buhangin, Tubig at Langis)
  3. WILLIE CRUZ (Sana’y Wala Nang Wakas, Bituing Walang Ningning)
  4. JOSE MARI CHAN (Beautiful Girl, Please Be Careful With my Heart, Constant Change)
  5. GARY VALENCIANO (Sana Maulit Muli)

SOLO ARTISTS

Pilita Corales

Nora Aunor

Basil Valdez

Celeste Legaspi

Hajji Alejandro

Leah Navarro

Kuh Ledesma

Sharon Cuneta

Martin Nievera

Gary Valenciano

Zsa Zsa Padilla

Regine Velasquez

Ogie Alcasid

BETWEEN 1980s to 1990s, OPM WAS LED BY ARTISTS SUCH AS:

Sharon Cuneta

Martin Nievera

Gary Valenciano

Lea Salonga

Regine Velasquez

Ogie Alcasid

Vina Morales

Raymong Lauchengco

Pops Fernandez

Jose Mari Chan

Dingdong Avanzado

Janno Gibbs

Joey Albert

Manilyn Reynes

IN 1990s, FAMOUS OPM SOLO ARTISTS:

Jaya

Donna Cruz

Jessa Zaragoza

Ariel Rivera

SINGING GROUPS/BANDS

Smokey Mountain

The Eraserheads

Southborder

Afterimage

Rivermaya

Parokya Ni Edgar

RECENTLY OPM STARS

Yeng Constantino

Sarah Geronimo

Aisa Seguerra

Arnel Pineda

Charice Pempengco

Gerphil Flores

  1. PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC
  • Bobby Gonzales’ Hahabol-habol
  • Rico J. Puno’s Luneta

Proponents of Manila Sound

Hotdog

Cinderella

The Rainmakers

APO Hiking Society

  1. PHILIPPINE JAZZ

Latin Jazz Musicians

Boy Katindig-Jazz pianist and recorded artist

Romy Katindig-jazz piano legend

Eddie Katindig-saxophonist

Filipino Jazz Musicians

Lito Molina

Angel Peña

Emil Mijares

Bobby Enriquez-Jazz pianist

  1. PHILIPPINES ALTERNATIVE FOLK MUSIC

Composer who championed this style:

Joey Ayala

Grace Nono

Edru Abraham of Kontragapi

Filipino Composers whose styles ranged from folk to semi-ethnic:

Freddie Aguilar-Anak

Yoyoy Villame-Magellan

Florante-Ako’y Isang Pinoy

Gary Granada-Ka Bayani

  1. PHILIPPINE ROCK

Juan Dela Cruz Band-Ang Himig Natin

Members:

Joey “Pepe” Smith

Wally Gonzales

Mike Hanopol-Jeproks

Early Exponents of Pinoy Rock

Maria Cafra

Heber Bartolome & his Banyuhay Band

Pinoy Rock Vocal Groups and Bands

Rivermaya

The Dawn

True Faith

The Eraserheads

Wolfgang

Bamboo

Parokya ni Edgar

Hale

Sandwich

Sugar Free

Sponge Cola

  1. PINOY RAP

Francis Magalona

  • Mga Kababayan Ko & Watawat
  • King of Pinoy Rap
  1. PINOY HIP HOP

A TEAM

Legit Status

Romancon

Other teams

LSDC Street

Rockstars

Alliance

Letran Pages

FILIPINO CLASSICAL PERFORMERS

Country’s Major Classical Performers Are SOPRANOS:

Fides Cuyugan-Asensio

Evelyn Mandac

Irma Potenciano

Andion Fernandez

Rachelle Gerodias-Park

TENORS:

Jonathan Velasco

Nolyn Cabahug

Ramon Ma. Acoymo

Lemuel Dela Cruz

Arthur Espiritu

BARITONE:

Andrew Fernando

INTERNATIONAL CONCERT PIANISTS:

Cecile Licad

Rowena Arrieta

Raul Sunico

Rene Dalandan

Reynaldo Reyes

Nena Del Rosario Villanueva

Ingrid Santamaria

Jovianney Emmanuel Cruz

Rudolf Golez

CONDUCTORS:

Redentor Romero

Oscar Yatco

Julian Quirit

Josefino Toledo

Herminigildo Ranera

VIOLINISTS:

Gilopez Kabayao

Alfonso “Coke” Bolipata

Joseph Esmilla

FLUTISTS:

Antonio Maigue

CELLIST:

Renato Lucas

GUITARIST:

Michael Dadap