SLG-BIOLOGY1-LG_1.1-Support_and_Protection_by_the_Integumentary_System

Introduction to the Integumentary System

  • Subject Code: BIO 1

  • Learning Guide Code: 1.0

  • Lesson Code: 1.1

  • Time Frame: 30 minutes (1 session)

  • Materials Needed:

    • Pen

    • Paper

    • Phone/Tablet/Laptop

    • Moodle app

    • Moodle (PSHS Knowledge Hub) account

    • Stable internet connection

    • Textbook: Biology: A Global Approach by Campbell et al. (2015)

  • Target: Explain the functions of the skin and its derivatives.

Importance of Aging and the Integumentary System

  • Hook: Aging causes anatomical and physiological changes.

  • Integumentary System Overview:

    • Outer covering protecting from the environment.

    • Composed of skin, hair, nails, and glands.

    • First line of defense against pathogens.

Key Functions and Structures

  • Organs: Function correlates with protection, thermoregulation, and sensation

  • Skin Layers:

    • Thick Skin: Hairless (e.g., palms, soles).

    • Thin Skin: Hairy (e.g., most of the body).

  • Functions: Protection, sensation, thermoregulation, Vitamin D synthesis, excretion.

Structure of the Epidermis

  • Overview: Outermost layer, avascular, consists of five layers.

  • Layers:

    • Stratum Corneum: Dead, keratinized cells.

    • Stratum Lucidum: Present only in thick skin.

    • Stratum Granulosum: Keratin-producing cells.

    • Stratum Spinosum:

    • Stratum Basale: Cellular mitosis occurs here.

Anatomy of the Dermis

  • Overview: Second skin layer providing elasticity and nourishment.

  • Functions:

    • Supports epidermis.

    • Sensory information processing.

    • Thermoregulation through blood vessels.

Hypodermis

  • Subcutaneous Layer: Energy storage, insulation, cushioning, body contouring.

Hair Structure and Function

  • Overview: Made of keratin, produced by basal cells.

  • Functions: Thermoregulation, protection, sensation.

Nails Structure and Functions

  • Overview: Hard coverings of fingers and toes.

  • Functions: Protect tips, aid in grasping objects, indicate health issues.

Skin Glands

  • Overview: Embedded in dermis; two types: sebaceous and sweat glands.

  • Sebaceous Glands: Secrete oil, prevent dryness.

  • Sweat Glands: Eccrine (thermoregulation) and apocrine (stress).

  • Additional glands: ceruminous (earwax) and mammary (milk).

Aging Effects and Skin Care Tips

  • Effects: Skin roughness, dryness, transparency, graying hair.

  • Care Tips:

    • Clean with suitable products.

    • Use sunscreen.

    • Control chronic conditions.

    • Avoid smoking and sun exposure during peak hours.

    • Exercise and get adequate sleep.

Summary

  • Composition: Skin, hair, nails, glands.

  • Functions: Protection, sensation, thermoregulation, excretion.

  • Skin layers: Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.

Acknowledgments

  • Prepared by: John Joshua A. Azucena

  • Reviewed by: Eleazar B. Guia, Michelle B. Ducusin

  • References: Various sources for study materials.