unit 1 + 2
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? How do anatomy and physiology relate to each other?
Anatomy - the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts, “What it looks like”
Physiology - The Study of how the body and its parts work or function
Anatomy refers to the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those structures.
Define and put into correct order the 7 levels of organization. (open note content)
Atom - building blocks of matter
Molecules - combos of 2+ atoms
Cells - smallest unit of living things
Tissues - groups of cells with a common function
Organs - 2+ tissues working together to perform a common function
Organ Systems - 2+ organs working together to preform a common function
Organism - A single living things
Identify the major categories of biomolecules that make-up cells. (open note content)
Identify the major classifications of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) and their key characteristics. (open note content)
How do cells with different structures and functions form? (Hint: cell specialization) (open note content)
Cell Specialization: unique structure that suits its function (unique function)
Becomes special by turning off and on certain genes but all still have the sa
What are the 4 major tissues in the human body? How are they different from each other? (open note content)
Name the major organ systems and their general function. (open note content)
What is the anatomical position? Why is it important?
Upright, facing forward, arms at rides, palms toward the front (thumbs out)
Important: provides a clear and consistent way of referencing the human boyd for physicians + anatomismts
Be able to identify, label, and describe the planes of the human body.
Know the anatomical directional terms and how to use them to describe the human body.
Unit 2 – Support and Motion
Learning Targets:
2.1 – Describe the major functions of the skeletal system.
2.2 – Identify and differ between the main types of bones.
2.3 – Differ between the axial and the appendicular skeletons.
2.4 – Identify the major bones of the human skeleton.
2.5 – Identify and describe the parts of a long bone.
2.6 – Identify and describe the types of joints in the human skeleton.
2.7 – Identify the major superficial muscles of the human body.
2.8 – Describe how major muscle groups work to move the body. (open note content)
2.9 – Identify and describe the anatomy of a skeletal muscle.
2.10 – Describe how skeletal muscles contract and relax.
Study Questions:
Name the 4 major categories of bones. Describe their shapes. Identify a couple examples of each.
Differ between the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
Axial Skeleton: The central bones in the trunk of the body (Skull, ribs, vertebral column)
Appendicular skeleton: the limb bones (shoulder joint, tip of finger)
Be able to identify the bones we learned in class on a diagram of a human skeleton. Refer to your class notes to get the full list of bones you may be asked about. You will have a word bank on the exam.
Describe differences between compact and spongy bone tissue.
Identify and describe the major external and internal parts of a long bone in a diagram.
Name the 3 major types of joints. Provide examples of each. How are the 3 major types of joints different?
Identify the parts of a synovial joint in a diagram.
Name the 6 types of synovial joints. Identify their locations in the body
Make sure you are able to identify / describe the various anatomical movements that we learned in class using written descriptions or examples of movements. (open note content)
Be able to identify the muscles we learned in class on a diagram of a human. Refer to your class notes to get the full list of muscles you may be asked about. You will have a word bank on the exam.
What are antagonistic muscles? Antagonist? Agonist? (open note content)
→ 1 (or more) muscle contracts to move a body part in 1 direction, then different muscles contract to move the same body part in the other direction while the other muscles relaxes
→ Agonist = muscle that is contracting / shortening
→ Antagonsit = muscle that is relaxing / lengthening
Describe the difference between origins and insertions. How are they used in moving the body? You will not be asked about the origins / insertions of specific muscles on the exam. (open note content) → Origin is relatively the less movable end of the muscle/tendon that is attached to a bone. Insertion is the more flexible end of the muscle that is usually attached to a bone via tendons. It is the proximal end that is attached to the less movable bone. It is the distal end that is attached to the more movable bone.
Describe the following vocabulary terms. Be able to identify them on a diagram too!
Draw and label a model of a sarcomere.
Describe the action that takes place within a sarcomere when a muscle contracts. Reference the specific proteins and other molecules involved in this action.