CLEAN -

reticular fmoraito is the looselhy goanize dgrya matter of brainstem

the recutliaom formaiton sit s the loosley gray matter o the brain stem the

Recutl formation

reicutl formaiton - formation - my pook fomed a ant easter thingy out of gray

So its loosely fromed grya matter at the brainstem. my pooki formed loosley graymatter of hte brainstem

teh motor compoents is going to regualte the muscle tone through the spinal cord conneciotn. And helpi n atutintioan furions. The motor ocmpeont o fhte reticlt whis i tat the brase oteh rbains tstme is goin to erualguat asn assit iwth autnaomci mforot ufntion and reutal emuscl eotne

The snensory comeptoen of the reigltuion i shte reucutl acitivu stem enaing i its going ot pcoess, sensorioent send singal to cotrex to bring abotu altneress. So teh motor ofmeionto fht estupid as reutliofn brain stem is going ot be helsp iwth atunaimoci fucniton

Sensory ocmeptiesni s that i tis going to help wisne disngla to the otex

and altens si got hgihest state of ocnsionsunnes.

Articualr fomrtion is the loosley orngize dgray matte ro fhte brains teber iefik

the riefl tiaon is hte losey the motor posntoe fht erain stem is oging ot help iwt autnaiic cmpena dn tehsneosi si going ot send isngl to the cotrex altner ie soign og be the highes state of consionsusness.

the limcbi systme is the encion part ti it inioels

CPHAOF

the cintual that is ont otp of hte ocurep

periarhisp that ise tehioa at hte mptethe tna tenad hels piwtmemr e

tha maugois tha tis going ot help withe mgionmemry and lenaring

orlfia butsl that are going ot asscioate smell with emotino the ofnis tha tis a thing white trap taht is going ot conenc tother limis trucuter

the ncueli taht intects to other part ofhte libti sstme is the AHSM

the reicult matoirna is going ot he the gray matter themtoo fmoeons is going ot aisis iwth uatom itio and sneosi sigoing ot he the rsult asyst ysneystem that is going ot send itngal to the cot

the higher oder mentail fundiotne

the higehr order metnal fiunciotn incldue lernaing meormonreiaons

hgiher orde rufnciont incldue the leanring merom and renainig

the higher ord ermtnal funciton are hte lanign emroe na drenaoing

leanringmeor n and renoaing lernaingmeroand ternains hte higher order mtnal fucniotn are hte

HIGHER order mewabnign lenaign meroa and reionsing and is both ocnsiou and usbnsous prcessing leraning

Deveglopmet o fhte brain fucniotn CNS devleopmetn processing abtility comeb. compes iwth amtireon the C

s okie higher ode rmntal fiunciot is lenarin mermoeun and rieonain orccurs iwhthin the cotex of cerbum invole icnosu na dsubinou

the cns dkeopement processing abitliyes beocm eomcpel x iwht amturaiont

processing abialties beocme ocmplex with maturaiton

processing abiliteis beocmecompel x iwth amturaiotn

most cns axons will ytalino during firs two year os flife

most cns axons sitl metual during ifrist two yera os flie=fe

prociessing abilites beocm comelx iwth maturaiotn

the hgiehr od erunfioe

mermor leanign and preaonsing

elangine meinteoaw reaoinsing

the dev,eopemt of higher orde rufnciont

the CNS delveopmet

processing abilites beocm eomcplex iwth maturaiotn

higher order process ebocme leanign emorena nd reoinsing

ocnisona nd sunto

delvoepmen of ihtg ord brian finion the CNS deoepmet processing abitliy come pex

Mos tcns axon are sl metl rain is growht is rpaid in ealry chdl hood at hte age o f4 is i tocmpetle 95% aduring the fist 3year most axon sare isll mtyelaing during firs two yrso f lfie the aoxns are sil yaltion

95% ocmpela h teha ge of 5 meyocn it beomsc emso rpcoeiss

and axons in audlsone beocm emryaltino and aocns o the pBs ncite lpas puebre

mos taxons sit;l eteaidint the fis two year of life the rbain grwisn is elary in 95% of hcidl

R H ge oaof five it is 95% competle a the age of five it is ninty five precen romcpel ethe cns dleopment and in

at 2 it is tistl

pinaf the cn psnt the PNS

at 5 95% of the brain grwoth is ocmeptle

nier ord emtnal finsio is the lenraing mereoy and the rainsing

subtan naoucns

at the age of 3 sitl lmetain at agve of 5 the 95% of hte rbaini s grown and in adiosltent the cn are metyealin and int eh psn i tgoes as puberet.

EEG ‘s are oging o mesure hte brain waves hwen somei si n epiel y seiozed ocma sleep na it meusr ehte cognit ve ufnicont and it is going to be usign alpahd an beta when away and detla nd thea SO when sleeping . Sleep non rem is oging ot be slow na htey are going ot be slow na dnot nsciosusly there and the longes thtee aremilte stage, ts si gro rwoth enreyg, an the remi s the acittve stae and this meausre dby frequncey of the EEG algon with rapid eyemovmeta nd when drmeanignahhepns andi. the strot stgae.

NON rem is 75 and rem is 25_

agian reugtl ioa is oign go tbe ollsoelyg vonai gray mater o fhte brain stem the moto rocmpei sis going ot be the part tha is oging ot asi twithatheim funciotnthe sneosy is going o the be ther fineil acinthys tnaht sne dingls sneosyr imfrioan pfocto e the cotiw xeofr awwanre and hta tis hte hgihes osta of ncisonsness. hiher orde rufnion is memrouy leanign reoanisn . at hte we we igsl tmeyal at 5 we 05% of hte brain grown pns meytlatino pas tand htecn into aduslosnefcne. eeg aer oging o sue lecotrnoe in order ot detedc fruqnc in the rbain at slepe ocm asiealkf eoawn non remisi going to be75% and hte lnges and slow and not consiousn and i tsi going obe for growht energy and peai and the rem is meausre dthrough fe4uqnc and eye movment and it si going to be fast eyemvoem an the barin ai citna dna ur fmedemanig and awakes is alpha nd beta ns so is the slepign deltha theta.

sleeping fo rbabies is 17 to 18 and fro chidlnre is 8.5 o 9.5 and for audl sti s7-8 insome is is oging ot be trouble falling or slep rin no seping slepe anidn is not begin abel o breah eand we us CPAP mask for this.

Cmogp etnaio cpescc e. awaness kwelfya ndmermo aprfieotn andthinkoin

emtnal process of awaneks knwodlg ememoran preieptin and thinkgin the asoicaed pare ao fhte cberum ae perinsl foe congioant, etnal process of wanes sknwodl emermoahna dmpreiont. ocnigon is the pmental poces of awnakes knwdl ememroy and preicpt and thingk mental process of wakwne kjnwomeomr eprpe an htink mentiao aoitne of awane

asscioatieon are oa fhte bfciernia re repsniel studies of brain lesion patiel help explain fnoraml funtioel firon lobe patoiol leison is oging ot cua speirbeoa and rewosning and dicio makign dmant o teh primar somatosneory coitr ia soit lofaus losso of bodya wanes son oposite side.

Damange ot eh rpiamrys oamt aosma rox ie is going ot caus elofo fbody anwenr

Angois is inbiltiy torienovn or eundcinto is metnap oco es so fnaaw ena dmkwneo meor pernfcio aiosn

studoi fo brain leion hel peoxapin nfiaoerm fonrt lo caus elsos oferpoina nd ciirl think

nad patato eh paimr somatosnero cotie is oging ot caus elosos of awaness of the oposide sid eo fhte boyd

studioes of brain lesion patiens help expalin normal fucniotnteh rnain patien with eprins abitietmdmeosntr atranofrl loebs funciotn palnning and cieison makig dma ot priamr somta sneory cortex cause slofss of body waner es o osppsite is deuspid bof rbain lesion patiens help eoxman noral futoe rnoieaw

lesion to roin lab i wont. e funnu and cna tthink

soma osneosy cote is oign go caus elosos fo waness of hte op site of hte body meanign that u cant sens ur fiv ensens on the other sid eno smel touch nothign . no waerness. damng to priarm y seostosneouc torex aus eloss of bdoya waness on oppostie site. dmant ot priamr soamt soenc otex cuases loso ofbody aenaoin onopoiste sidet

agnosi

AG no se - the inabili8tyt oundersatndmeiangio f sitmuls i

anogis is inbtilyt ot einoc or udner mabnign of sitmulis

Agnosis is the inbatility toreoncito zeo r understand the sitmuli.

anois is the inabiltity to undersatn sitmuli . agnosis i shte inabitlityt oudnestandmenaiof of ismtuli

fornal lobe leasiogn is going ot caus ebaimal periona or dieicon dmagne ot the priamr osmato xotex sneosyr is going ot caus ue to losoe wanwa ero fhte opsit ei so for u rbody angion is tintieltyt to udners mteianof os fstijmus - locaiotn of leiosn demtienr natrue of loesss. angios is the inbaitlit to udner amngin of sitmuli lecio is

there is sensory merorm base don sneosr imprut that last for seocnds if i were to msell a coffebeans i asocit eiwth ocffe. if i smel lmy mans perif

Sneosry memrois asciote dbas eodn sneory pintpeu short mer is las lgnoe is due to ereap fot eh enocn enocind geuiq l

agnosi ai shte inaubtility toundersnat miningo fi smtuli

lcoaiton folesion demtienr natuer of losso

snesnofy memory make i makes sensi its liek u see smell something and it rpiens u of soemthing else

hort temr memrby is limited bacacity.

sensory memroe is asscoiated iwht snensoury imrpti that lst for seocnds liek i smel lny man and i reemrbe him

Short tmer memrei is limtied capcptiy and u mrember about seven bits o fintorm and its ofrm seoncd to hours. short term memeroy islmatied cpapaity its from sevent btis and form second to horus sensory is going ot be i rmmeber my man so i smell im and

short temr memery is going ot be limtei cpacity logn temr is encoded if minteioram is rpeated it can exist eindelt by t can be lsot it not reiconed

Econding quires the amygald and hipo

snenosyr emero is going ot inviel a snesoru iptru and thsi last ro csoenc

shor ttm is going ot be limtied cpaifyt and brid fuidonr - long temr memreu si soign go be encoir fmfro shor ttiemr i isnfiro is reape d

encoidng requies amgydlal and hippocampus

encoind gis going ot need the amgdal and hipo cmoapsous. long term is hosued in teh cotrx area. long tem is in the associted cotex area motorm meroeis are in the premot ocoiex and mroeis of osund in the uaiodnt

so short temr is in the hipo and long temr is in the cerbal cotex ini ts associated areas. long temr is in the hip

Short term is in hip and logn temr is int ecotex are abecaused it is long and coreterx is lonnngnger than the hip so hip is in the short erm and long term is int ecotexa nd short temr is the sutpid ahhh hipocampus. Lont temr memrois is housed in apriote asosicateion cotex areas. moto rmeorisona rein ther pemot cotex and mermoes i ofsound sotre din audiotn assoicated cotex

long term. is in the cotex and short term isin the hipo the hip i sofr mermjoe but only smjale cu hipos hnave msalle rbains so

long temr is the cotrax nd shotr temr is the hiipoo

the eniron ar einteorpein in the lbcina nd epxesse din the preifnroal cotexa

the brain reigon invoeld in emtion ar einterpeid by libic sysmte bute xpieons oin contirl by preinfroan cotexa. emtions are intperied by limbi susmte but exopeosoi contorled by prefornal cotex. emiosn are interepd bylimib and epxireosn by preinofa coitnex. amy and hip are improtin aof rmemroy and for encoind gna for leanring meroeay and elnetioana dmeiotns . fagoid boyd and hopo ar eimrjtpoia if dmean they edeadn eshte meitona nd leraning .nameeoiruy s

emtion are for reiong invoeld in emiont eh lb but expierosn in prefornal fcoterx .

lagnaui involes readng

weinicks is going ot be itneprieng langua an dbcoaks is oig go itnaiton speech mjtoor .

wenick sif rointer lag tand broc is ofr ianting speech mtor oporgmra

wenick is for itneir lagaug and broc is forinaitone spseehc mtoor preoitn a

wenick is going ot interpeet the lagnau and bros is going ot intait speechmtor oprogrma wenick si gogn tierp it and broc is goig ot inatia psee cmtoor wenick si going to intepret the lagnua and broc is isgoing itnait speehc mtoro protgirtna. wenic ksigiogn to tinepre laigna nd bros is igong otinta tepseech mtor progmra. wenick sig giont io inteprt lagnau dn bro is oging ot intai speec mtoro promgra. wenick sig oign to itntepr algnau and bros is oging ot intaite pseech mtoro rporma \

broc is the mtoe rspeech are is it sogin goat speach and wrnick is goign ot interpeut the lagnau

brocs is going ot inatie the motor progma n wni cis going otintait langu

priamr motro conite is oging to singal motr oneurosn to priotie speehc

wenick is for itnerpeiute

Brocs is for inaitein the pseech with motro

and the priamr omotor coretex is oging ot cary it out

cateigeorl is oging ot be wenick becua sie tis going it tinationat anzlyte alrmeinaig os peec and hte rpeisnla is going hteo anzl the mejtiaon contne co the speec

lesiong os the wnri ic ogi ot cause dull emtionales spec apriea ximeanfin they can tproidce pr speak peorply and sphas is ogig o tnot udnet ro dpidcin pseech

wenick

apria is broca

wnick area interpetes hte lagnauge. mtoe rospeec broca are iantia speech tmote

wenick si going ot intepreut ht elangua and broc is oging ot ianti eit and pramr foite is oging t. isngl catielfc hemsiperhe the sinteh broa an dhwe nic and hte cnatie ois giong otuto anzlyt ene amnginad her psi soign to analyz toen emitoan

Aprosid ai sthe dull

arp si intabtulit to

wenic ks iintepret lagnauge

wenicks intepre the lagina cor si soging ittiat speech mtoor preobgra and priam omotr cotex isnigal mto rneurosn to rpoduc espeech

wicnkin is going to inteprer lagnauge the bro the wenick si going ot intepr the algnau mto otbrao is ogin it ien ane dpita mot ro fcif is going it ait teh spaking

apria xi diimtor idor sapahs is ididlt proudcin or udners so wenick and spairo si issueisn teh rpeisnotal hemsipehr the cteog ri i hte wenicks and tha is oging ot naalzye what the meaninf o eth words are.

ateifor i is analzying

repitosniis the leikt ehemtiaon

elol

aprazi i smot oidoreds erand aphasia

and arodis aphsi ai not being abl to say waht u wanna say so that i sdamance ot eh brocs and then aprosis is dull speechso dkman to teh repsinteiaol

agnosis i sunabtitlity tudnerasmtili meanin

thsi can lea dot unwayarenss of the body so if we dmang het somat sneocy tor. xe

majro ofucniotn fo spianl cor dna dpsinal neres.

msojt ugnviog o pdoins votf ns pdfinsl nrbrd yhrus tr oy dnrodut pinyrpug tom bofy myoto ovmmsnfd ogtm btsin dpinsl gritls

sneospute from bdouya dn motor ocmand sofmr brian

there are two funcioto to the spinal cord

sia cord etxenr dinrio form brain meduall trhough vertbal cana. spinal cord exten firnoatl from brain medulla through verbal canal spinal cord extend firo therbaim edual through verbal vaal.

the psinal cord ectens from therbain medull athrough verbal cnaal .

he psinal cord exne crfmo therbain emdul trhoguh ebre ana the the ocnusmeudal is ogin go bt heienra nd epaeir to rofm thr ocn dmeudla is. tupsic audlt psina cor did ¾ inch diamt er16 -18 inches in lenht

so the psinal cord is toin to extenmfirnoa fmro the rian eual throug h verbal canal ehte psina for enionr oteh rbaime dull throguh erbal canal from therbaim eudal through thea cao toem tr braim fueoajf eoit aiofnieoafeoiafjieifiifififiififi

the psinal cord is going to exen from the rbain medul athrough tejal acnal

form tehrbaim medull ahtrough vebral cnala t

from the brain medull athrough verbal cana

from the brai medulla throug ebra cnal

the psine form themedul trhoguht enme fivel an it isoging ot tape rofa dnt ehne ds aroeng ot oform the ocn medullari its i ¾ dma 16-18 in lenghta shote han the vberal colcum

te spinal cor di soign to be from themdul to eh cebral canal sna theends ar eoign go taper off into the ocns medulalris. an ti si ¾ in

nad its ishort erna the vebtal colum .

the spinal cord iso giong ot beintela

so the psinal

sop the psinal cord is going to exnt eofmr the meudll through verbal canal

Com to

so the psinal cord is going ot extend form the medulal through verbal cnal the end sare goint o pater ofrm the ocnusmeudllar iand ti si shoter thna the vbal colum

this si longriud depreiosn

it has hte psotierum emdul sil na dnte ienr meidl fissue.

te psinal cor di soging ot taper off athe conus medularie s

it ha slgongital dperssion tje psoiteru meidal sulcus and the anteir meidan fissure. the psite medial sulcua nd teh antier medial fissue

it ha slgoniel dperisoson the psotierioneud sulcu sna the aniter mediaun fissue

th psote rmediaul siclue and theantier medial fisuse

teh psote rmedian suclus and ht antierme mdial

it ha slngitudmal dpession the psoteru meidla sulcus and the aniero median fisuse

eh psoitere medial na dls and tne aantieorme d

Meidna rmemebt aht is tisn themdidle so the median siltnea dn teh toe emdil and theantier edila fiis she proin is a uslcue and the bakc is ameudssfi

te psote and antiemre medial sulcad n fissue

psote medial suclea nd the antier emdia fissue na psite rmedial sils and niante

the ra reofr par tCTLs

CTLS

ceig thoir clim and sarcal

so i toge poet meit shas lsgnial dperessoint eh psoteme dualsulc and hte aniteleid

ot ja shte psotei medial sulc and hte antier medial fu sit ha sfour par thte CTLS

cervial thoraic lomab nd saval

lognitl deprssion psotied meidal sul

foru part ctls

Cerival thoratic Lumabr and sacal

there ar etforu

ctls

clts

cerv therolu, sarcal

two ien eriog with grreat nuermbs ar ehte cerbal and the lum

The wider areas with great nme br of neruosn is the cerbaul and the lumbar

the four part the cthe cerivial thorati clumar and sarval two dine reigons iwth frean numerb of enrso the acerivile ngalmetn and luma the nerul senglame sar etof rhteupe rnadlumare af or the lowe rlimbs

the eribal is for the

so the foru part go ceitbgval thoa lum and savural ceitnal the large rare with more neurons ar ehte ceeigval and hte lum CL

CtLs

the cetal and the luma ra reht epar tiwht the most neruons.

the ciental is for the up leirma nd lumab is forthe lowe rlim tyhe pina cor

edn end a teh ingei bored o fhte l1 veibta

so the ends o fhte spinal cord end a the l1 veirbetla . they end at eh l1 the ends ar eoign to end at eh l1 verbal lum ar sncap and occgyela psonal enrve ent emeifo romt eh ocnsu smutel

so there a ertwo wid epart ahat ar ehte ciegbal and te luma lenalmente

hte pina cord ends at hte ineprio brod o the l1 viebral

THe lumar scarn and the cocgyeal pnla nerves etne from the ocnsu mutale dna dexti at he caud equina

okeiso the oe argne t teivna emglamentand telonag ealnd the the

par tlike the Lumar sarval and ococgeyal spinal

LS is going

cocgeal is going to extneo fmjro the ocnus meduals si to the

So bcua seht Lonmarb and sarba is below the ocnus medula i tsi going otfmr hta tot eh caud aquina the hros teia lcauda equina

so the neves ofmr hte ocnsu meual do the of the sarval lumab r and cocgual is going ot eh cuad euqina

ther ear four part the cyelo thor amual dn sac the cea nd alurm athe the mos tnerons

the

the psinal cod is oign to end at the ocnsu meudlalr and at the l1. ocnusmuedl and the l1 and hte the lumarb and sarcla is going ot end a teh cuad euqina

the horsue tiel

so the luamrb sarcal and cotela is going o tehd hate caud eu3qin ebcau sthe con medula is going to eb abvo eit /the l1. and the medular is is ogin gfo tbe psina cor do tha tto the ocnsu mjeudl and the thoa ndea lona i sogin to be teh neros orthe and hte

nerve cable lie buncles oc axon

nerve calbel lie buncles o faxons

nerve cable lik ebundle of axon nerve cable like bundl eos axon nerves ra euels of axons

longitu depresio teh pstieo n

so teh ceiv is enl an dthe liun it ends oa the condsu meudal na da the land ath tel1

i tis going o te dahte ocnus medula nad a the l1. suam sar and coctgealspina enve extenfiorn the ocnsu meudla

so the ocnus meul is ogin o also l1 and t eluamr ans arv an aovace sig oin ot be a thte caoud aequina

sina lner

nerves ar euncles of aoxns

ocnntie sssue wrap epien is ori perin is roundhte vbusl an neidum si arond the aoxn

there are 31 paris o fisnal nerees

name beign iwth the firs tlei te

nerv s aroeinbld eo faon

teh are 1 pirs o fospianlnefve snames beign with the let of spian cord rieog o whic is attaced

e 1pair so spinal nefes

31 pairs o fpsinal nerves

there are 31

31 pairs of spinal nerves. 31 pairs of spinal nerves. 31 pairs o foisnal neves.

roolets merge to form roots. roolet merg to from roog roolets merg to rom roots.

roolets mer to form roots

psinal nerve groos anantmy

rootlets merge to from roots periost root ontina sneosyr neruons

rootlets merge to form roots rootletms merge to form roots rootlemtes mrere of romf roots,

rooletst merg to from roots rootets merge to form roots rootlet mergte to form roots.

rootlet merge to form roots

rootlets merge to form roots

roolets merge to from roots

roolets merge to form roots

roolets merge to form rots. rootlets merge to form roots rootlets merge to form roots rootletms merge to form roots. roolet merge to form roots rootlelstm emrto form roots. rootelt emre o tform roots. rootelt smerge to form roots. rooletsl mert tto form roots . rootlets mert to fomr roots

rooelt smer to from roots

what thw fusc ar eroots idk roots think of three tosn

Ther ei shte piws eroonr an tehnreio rootsl the pieor done ar eoign to be seoeyreons

the are ogint o have unipoal dnerinso senrosuyr epceo tacons reach spinal cor dpoeri sroog gneioal contain clelbodie so fhte neursons

Psoire roots contoan sneosrue neurons psotier orots contain senosry enruosn pstoier roots ocntian sensoru neriosn postieor nroots cnota in snensornusron

pstoier roots contian senosur enriosn nupoarl dnendite sesory cpe tand aon reahc spina c rod

psotie rorots contain senosyr neruosn

pstieor roots ocntian senosry neurons psotie roots contian sensory enrios

wneo sye rpec vand aoxn reahc psinal

the petihal the diben is going ot incleu tehpie lthea lmaned yte pthe epi in othe psiowt eridnce foro fand it si going to m

en odcinte lgand sneiofn teltioean ehls reugl day ngith cyel

the peia lgland neoci grland secitoen metaion helsp reugla dya nig the hanerna ncuels i

pehtaulnsu is going ot form pstioe part o fhe ro the roo fo diebca.

form psieor par to fhe roof o diecpeha coier vthis ventrial s

epianl lfia enocif ri galnd seciote mateon helsp reul gday night cyesl

gray matte rmades of neruon clel bodies dnerit esna ujmetyal xaon also galil clel also act sprociessing

Extend infelrey form being ameudll htoruth vertrbal canal inion end taper to form ocnsu

spinal xtend inriown form from brainsmfuel through vverbeal cona the ingrio end s reong ogt ofrm thr ovnusmd an ther ei slong dpe the meideal

oostiern medieal suclua nd the antier

antieor medieal fisure e

‘

soual cord extend igornal yf ro brain meddulla htrough verbeal cnal - inteironfr end tapers to form conus medudllaris ytoical

long

CTLS

cerivie thoric lumbar sarcal

the nerosn that ar e

nvieron and lohjmabr

nerve cabel dbucnel ahd psinal has 31

rootle merge to form roots

poiteorr ooots

s goin go controll hte snesor -

rootlet merge to form roots

perips roots ontaon the suenot andutenitparla teh body and the nerve and hteya re goot ot he psio gonand antieroe roroslte a reoing og tbe the toor nuerosn adhtheboyda end areiong iwthi nt eh stupdu

proeionc an duspprto ofhte psinal cord hte psialc ord isp reocdte dbyt thebeongemeng anad hte Cebropsia fludi teverbofudl hte ver ala dt ienteral forman

the enrusoona reing ot exit throghhth einverbetral ofrmne

the spinal nerve exits throguh an intervetrabrla formane

th spinal nerve exits throgja ndivneibral formane

the pia materis going ot be ade of out pf oclalgen and i soting othe btehkater thais going ot prea

and htelgiem

dei

and ht e

i toing ot hea veht epidla dntusbanf el

the gray amter is mad eo fhte nerual cell bodies dneites an dunetlaye aleso glail

gray amter is mad eo fhetneural

The grya amter is goign tobe indis e

the mass eo fhte gray hornes

the cauda equina te caud euiqna is oging o tbe the root so iwhtinv ebra canal form a sutruc te

the grtay mater is made of neucl cell bodies, dnetuesma bd umeyatl axons , mass of rgray matter preocieotfnor tihe

‘thr gay mater mad eo fneurons clel bdoies ndiet and uatme

Ther grapma teis going ot be the psoteina ndi altel aogrhnoems

poisoten and alte lra orns the psotin is going o taoxxons oshte

athe pstioe hrosn are oging ot hoseu shte sencoyerona dn cellbodi eso intermeunuoa

the psitoe protosl is going ot be for sneosya dn tneiro si fro somat nueron

the psito si hros is going the axons of hte sneurson and theintermenieo

posteio si hroens are for suen and thgery hosdl itner en a dn anitenr isogin sogo thodl tses toe rnsions

lter are gong otbe auntomic notmr osnte

stoie os going ot hosehty setensoryean aindit noer

atneior si goign thasomat neruons late ri shorsn is going ot atnoamic

pois iot siosg enso. antier is tesnsmtjoe ans fhe altier si autnaomci motor

naotie ris going ot hseo cleod ies o sthe oamt notmr ad ate ri soig go thsoe bell bodie so autnaomc mot roneruosnonly prejse tn. part t1-l2 not the neti rsinal co rht elatlar nocens ar eoging ot chosue clel does of uatnoma ic

anteiorn sneosy ten and iteonr oist osign the senosyt emt eorneuaon and the clel bdoies and hte dneitn a reoingv ogbe iwthing the pcisnal cord

the pstieo hrons and itoen rhona latenrohrons the autnaom ot ormot neursonony repsient in t1l2

hosues housye cle bdoi eso tuatnoam otm ot

gram comusoie io gong be hozing lbral o frma matteursiong cnetlr acanal

the gray hoomz i iso giogn be the horinol band surrougn the cnetrl anakc contain usmt econeoclt ei

coomus remenaign the gray osolmcus rei soing og ocone chte lef tand hte righ grya matte

nuelci group so fclel bdoies

ncuelis going to house clelo bdoies

snensor ncueli inp sotieohrosn contain inteiron

mto ronito is ovin og tcont

the cuel si going ot gorup co fclel bdoie ssenosu ncuel isinpterio conteo contain itner nsous snesoic i inptirhorncon teo

Semoat sneosur inicl reocie isngtl from

mot rnusl i song oat be in atneior and lat elrhorns mot ronueson sotmaimoc otenucl is going ot inve the slkea d tueanto ivmn smoot hmuscl ehea rthand

so the psotieor hro is oging ot hosue the clel bodies o fhte

sensory neurons and interneous

the sensoru nucli soging ot hsoeu in the psoteir hrons the itnernnours

somti sneosyr nciel i reiconv eisngl form tehnsic and ci sfrom the blood

th sneinsoncuek is oging o tbe in thron and ocntian itnernosyse an sensot nisn ei soign go tbe the one tht ahs singal from the ksin mucsl ejoins

uatoam is soign og tbe the smooteh msucle

somat is oging o tbe kselt ana duantoam is isong o toi tbe the msoothe msucle the scuel mostsl uantoantosm co

enucls i the ei shte sntei tha tnuls thta tis in thepstioe and smot enuclei tha tin itne hatniao the snei sig oign ot the pios tna it is ioging ot thsoeu interia and ther somt i and aicos

the commasi gray is ognog. to hodl the lef tan dhte white

whtie matteri siogn go tbe mauteona aoxn ot oand ofr the rbgiao

THe is ptei posit ufncionlaus a dltie rnic lanitona

the pstios cutnfeia lis gong to sit ebetwenn the psotie rga

the psitoe furnicn is going ot sit ebween teh grah grhooa nd psiteo mediual culs contain ssneosur tracts

and latierl is gong ot be in the latel rsid oe the spial

pospt erunfuial sit ebetwen pstie gray hrosn and psiote medual sulcut tonaotn sneosytr trac lateiurn

the psitoe funeua is oging ot bist ebtiwen the pisote groa hirn and the antie fincul sitebween th antieor gray hrosn and natoe rmedia fisitl the lateirlsi gon the late sid eht e

psiteo funciutl ite sbewteen

whtie mate rmetualiend aoxns to and form teh rbain

pstier funcitla late rifnia lanteir al psiteo si nex ot the psoite

the pstioe is going to have the sneo stract

ahd tantie ris going to hav ehte mot and sneos ty trac

t the lateir is oging ot hav e

the atneir is oging ot be laef tna

latel rand rige antie ucla are incient by whit eocmisur e

a coidncoitn pathe ui s a seirs o fneurons tha trealy neve isngal betwen thebrain and a psieec part o fhte bdoy a ocndiotn pathw i s a seir o nerve hta trelay nerve isngtl abeten teh rabina. apsiec if part of ht ebody

condito batey relie s a sier eso neruos that relay tev isngal ebtwen the rbaina. spie fpao rt ofh tebouy

spinal patwya sa re

conditon is a seiro so neruos hta t

ocnditon pathw aneruosn that rfelay isngtal

psianl patwa a rneiso os rnot oer

teh sneosry pathwa sascoit woar dsht ebarin ad ot ropatwha deiscno r

sneosyr pathwa asicne towari hte rbaina

sso t aocintio of pathwa is goingo t oelawruon btwne the parnba dn sin ao rthfjneowaisngap na e ssne oaurht aunr eisj ogn hr

and mote roapand theios nf

pathways are paried - ther ei slef ta dirhg t

right and righ thtalamsu

gtray amt ei s amd oe fhte

condution apthway is a seri so fneurosn that relay nerv isngal betwe the rbain a apsie cpa rto the body

teh spianl payt aare sneor o rmote or

the sneo psrhatw ascine tand mot ro deicnso

cocmoen pathways are pari ther is the lef tan dhte righ tran

atjwas a repair ther ie the lef tan the right rac t

tpathwya a s rpeiar etehr is the lef tanhte right tra

pathways ar epiat hteis ri lef tnd hte righ

clelc oaiton

aoxn in the psinal cor dbasle in gan spianl cor dron adrbaon

ea apthw u smad oe f acian of otwo or mo nreuons

mos tpathwa decussate axons cros smdilding os rbain pexoess infroamt ionfr ontrlaltae isd euncrssoe dpathways owkr ojt eils te

ipsilaitelr

ocnotraltierland ipsilatei

pahtwya s areoiat thie si the lef ant hri

mos thwea decussate acosn cros smidlgin so brain procese sinforma iton

aon. areoing o to decussate meangin the axon are oging ot cro the contraltle rna dhte ispial ei si the smae isd e

sensourenotu mrtai through spinal co ridniogta for bgelr a

sneiosre itrnipat trmait thrgouhg speina co ridona ogfmr ioan sne srepoic tof whicht ehr ear ethwo cia oe

sneosyr eintep tu suta iotrhoguht spina cor dingao rgm fhr genr se sne repco tsenso rt atghat asie a rioen ghte rongiao for gnere als ens oreu ther ei shte soenteo am dna reiocn tacl rpet napdio coe ptha

senso ruptieu is going ot cnio form gnerla sne srepc ote

the senros ifnroa te of the soen pathway is gofingo t o asci ei soign go toringao form the genal sens repcoet s

somat ic sensory

Somat i csens ir ecioent is

somt insie orieoci eot taticl reioc tha tete charh foe oan andioan propiro ceiotn tha der

taicl repcio detciaof. an donekc through tou ahd pteio diet ch in tion

ht enteh is the vislc eneio sri tha thdeo tio

soemt aio

]

sneos hyt apthw sneos urepute tmrai throguhgotu spin or girnoa ionfr om gne elsnoe riethe e3a re toe aite oshte sojma sne osna rehte tialc hta. aroieng ot indle onekc an priotprc

the taicl rpeico tedietoe ha o fan onek cnapriorpcpetors dtechte isn jjoin

s the teial is oigfn of oene ofhca orfo an onek cand the priorceptso prorcpetos ar eogig ot detine ht ejomsucl teni

the the rie the scile ndos er tha tdetoei cha gein an an organ or blodo vel veislc ernsoer reopc. dtie cha gein an orng ao rblodo vle the teial roei dtei cha fona n obe ch tpeior cpeot rs are iogn go tdtech stern in jon cmsuel tenodn visle rnsoe ryr epc o diten chain in and orng ao th heart

visl ensoeyr rpeco dtect chage in an orgnao. orblood vlel

the sneos ure sneor tailc rpeoc dietn eprieo the hcan gein the join

visl esnoeruy the cang ein orgna od ore obflo ifsomt ensie o

somta is neio cagteo fo sen oshte i the soemt aosenoryz that is going to caryr isngal fro skin mcusl join the cisle that cargisn taofm

the sotma osenos ry is going ot cary isngal form the skin, hair, join, and hte ivsoc eso rye pathwy si oging ot cayr for the viscer whci si whitin the body.

ther ie the pria rneuos enoc an dtieir aneruons

the peirma neruo sn

sther ie the osma tnsoey pathways

pria r neruosnha speirihrapne idng clelbodie sint epriao piarm eeron ah speirn ene diong clel bodiin in perio soro gnagialion anx axon leaidn go tseoncdy nreuon

the preiam is going ot be peirntueal enidng clel bodi in perio roog gnalgion anx onx leaidn to seoncdya rnueotn

the seon neurosn is going ot ba interneuron reicie purma hdna xeiotn to eorion or toe cerhellum ht terrie uanreuonsi and inte rnreoicnt seoncdye aneuons pint and xeitneo to soma tsneuron of paitel of cebreum

so the soenc du goe sstriag go the cberull and the irel goe sot the cerbeum

the soen di ogingo ot be cebrelima dntiern is oging o tbe hte cebrum exitne ds otos nosy coit roe xoapritla

the teiris ligong ot hte pairtl lob of cfiebruem snoe dinreurosi ian itnerneuoan reico epri tand texiteo tieorn neuoron or to cereull

the pstieo funiculus medil lemniscal patheay sht epaitel

sneosur ntpr iform disnc ieontthough

the psiteo si going ot

the pstios ufncionou meidla meniscal pathway thesnedno prutn eput abotu sicm ite throguh coinscous preionv form prioe cpet hte piors ufnion lameinis pathway s

asneoue pute durla septa

drel septa

tento cerebelli

falx cerebili

fal cebi -

tenreoil cerblli -

Diagram clei -

poisiteo r

sneountot aboatu dutne teouch

dicpehfeawl incldue the eptuahlthalms u gthe te==deince

iepcheao incl eth petihal thal ahd thepa

thetea petue theialma htep te

dicephtal incletht epetahlthatlm aus and hteytpatla sut the ideat inclat eh petuhatl thalmjsu thyetphsl a

diecpethalon intirlcute epthtau thaomma nd theytpehato Epthatkm suthe

CTLS

Cthtalum sarcla

CPHAOF

cingualt parh

accurate fiber and sosicaot eacura fiber and lgontio fails auc ral fna dloge thte pop fhe i

diencpethal incldy ethe pethail thatlmj a dn theytpathal peitihatlmusl atn ahytephtaol eipthaamis is goi othingela h

aquduc nucle

cadu

dincepaht in

pienal

covers tht eoro f the oficne

petuhatul rof o

habenarul real

hablar musch

eptihyeatmus is going ot be etha ptrio oro fo the uceo

eptiuhatl foro psiteo par to fhte dimetuela covers thri dvneitl the tpeithaols ico ver het this vientril

epthaitlus

epthalus form pisor orof ot he ciel cov er their itn peitaEOOEpithea theuawtoi habvelahil ernuc le auzl mom talkos havenualr nucle ihelsp reyalosingal from limuy to mdintrf ainvoelsin scial nd meirona roenst ot oofod

baencule layer singal fro teh licn sytem to mciur emtion send singal fro limb to midbre ainvovl ein emiton roeinso torder

havneuer remeitona reisn ot ood er

d sneidnt eeiotno to mdibrain

havneuelarucu hels rely isngl fro lirm cyst t eh mdibtfreian and emrionet reosone ot odor ebeucnuelsi

uavneeucloi si goign ot relu slkcm sitmitl to tht emdibreian di invoiel emiton reppso to order

thamlsu oval masses ofr rya mater

TH thalsmis iono to be on theSid oe hte thir cine th eptihtalmsus iogno be ht end o fhte idneca

that lamsus igongo tbe oval masses ofr grya matter on later side s the thir ne

the tthalamsu is going o tbe the oval masses of gra mayte orn latler sies of ventircle

oval mases of rogrya matter on lat ersid eo the vnet

that lmsis oging o be hte grya mamt ero n latier idso eo the vne

interthalamic ahdeions is hte mdieling mass of gray matte rocneincot leif tna rihg thatl m

th interhtalmus hadien oein cht emass ofr gram mat eroncoient ht elf tan dirhg tatla is it soing og be the oval masse sof ragray matter on latler sid eo fovhti vineiot l

interhalmus ahdieosn mdileing mass of rayg matte roncoe tlef tna dirhg thatlus ocmposed of abotu a dzone thatlmius cnuel aonc

that thalsmus is going o tbe the oval mass ont eh gra lat eran dut is htyeot ot ehte alel risdoe the thid cneitrl interthalmsu hadieon so goign ocneic the lef tna dirhg thatlmsu interthalmic ahdioen itner ahld hadieons o cn tehr al ffhal ocmpsoe od zone thaktmus cin i aonx ofor a ncuelsu proienc iot oa f

reiocnt ooals nsoue expt fpeo rieal

\reicifog isngla form allo socnisius ens expeot olfa iicorelays osme ignal to aporaot eparot of cotir efile toeut isngal frodiitaro form subtion of atteiosn

reici eisntgla from all icnsous sensne epxoecpet ofla ocotuy relays some inla to paprio paort of tueona ditel toue tisnal inreicieis isngtal form allsnciosus enso expetp ofalt erelasome isngal to aprieo part of oclut encaofieoatu singal diotnr ofrm subt o faitoaitnison

it has donesoht ehasu isn iot

the theytpsin is going ot be anterio inrieon

rieonfo the aicent

ytohtails is ogin gto tbe the tienriofnr oteh pte n

infudiblum is. astlak of ute tha tfior theytapth infudibulm the infudbulm

thamsu sovle amsses of ray matelr oang latie iisnt erheamid sioan the havenuerncuel is going ot reaioc to do emtion of oa intoe and itereht ehbaucn einciel hat erfea3ioepthat thalamsu sis na dine

hthepthalmsu s

the tpehtaiuls i shte anteironf iroioe go the idpa

infudibel stlka of ptuo tha textne form hteytphsl

htyapthatl s

IINFUNDIBULM Infubdibelum infubudibelum is ths tlak of pturi that exitne for theyhtepth

infubdibelim is oging o tbe tha tlkas hta tiskc out of the turit form the htepathaols

infrunidbtelum si goin stlka of tur that exitoe fmor thetapth athe sut. th it l

infrunibetl is going o tbe t alks the ateinfoe ahfoie theytspth tienf ueanf ie

Infun ibstseiul pturoi 9nfuiornal

master

funcitosn o f the yhetypehtoals

funciotsn o fht ehtyep insufbeua lis oign ostlk of pueo that exiteonf rothe btuita

master ocntorl ofuaosint

Aphaxia

she cant pronoign the x

aprosida is oging o tbe what is oging to be udll pseech due th o dmamge t othe

apsidos is ogiong to be dulle

infuebeul is going ot be the sptalk fotha exiteo forthe petu

HYPO

hyPo

ptiioet ayre epitehtal peinal anfel aifieo wathe peth aus igong o hra veh teinfeunaul tha ti shte la tbat goes ofmr hte htyeptha ls to the puet

fucnoit of thehteapt

master ocnotl of euyaotn merovys sinte

ifnucbuel stlka of putri that exteomf rom hteptahal

fucniotnos the hyteptahls

master ocnotrl ofuatnoams cineroyws stme infleucne heart rate blood pressure and ivieson aciit evies rieoa

maast eoncoor oautnao smmas contorl of natuon cis neoruv susmte

Mastr oicno

in ocnotr lthe dnocon temrp fodo inw atlslwp way emtieons

it is oging o tocnotrl the autnoamci nerov sysmte - the ncoei tnenod c tebuca oie

temora pintie

it is going ot contrl the food intew wat eirneiaw sleep wake thyetm smeiton heavior

autnoa mincoeru systme econtor of eneocoint sysmt ereugla of body teprep atoe remotian behvairoe

infual is ogivn ogbe hte alks tha texiante domfr ftehutaptal

funcio to fhte hteptahl master control of autnao nvoussysmte mas troncot l oe fneoin reualg iof odytep food intew ate rin ewake lsepe rhtyems enotienoalbegaorieo

infuali s going otbe eth alsk tha teixotne fro thetapt

frucnot of htehtephatl

masoto autnao enod bteoy ofod wta eirne fa

slw ewah renta dnietonat haveior e

wka slswpe wat efood reigl aof botd tme enodi auntoa o

bod temp . food intwin water , slep wake hteme tino ha beion

htuetpals atneiorne

ifnuebfeal

autnoamic nerousv sytem

nieonc body tempr sfood int eak watner lswp ewak rhytms emtieon haveion emtioenaw hviaone lep way tewantieo

th ebarins tem conects cereum diecla and celrbel

the rbains tem is oging o tcone chte cbeurmd ieoan dnc elrem to sptirnal colr ocntiao snsd nio andioen trainc otnitaon thatunmci cneulcnuel corf eioa fnrle conotin os hte mdinrp eaionf edpafeiwar3efwji3wefijoewfioewf

the b rains em pis going ot oconatin the cebreum diecpana dcebreull to spinal corfld

the rbain stem conenc tc erbeum diencalna dcebrel um topsinal oci ti ahs ascne and eifncoi trinal ocno tain

the brain sie ocnneoci otthe cberueloberuela nd the

CDC

teh brains tenm CDEC cbdidiiced and ceruebll

the cberuel dicle na dhte teberlelum

the cebrie dac ed and erj

the arbins tem is going ot ocnnecoi the ceb ruedj anc

contio of hte midbrain posn and eudlla oblagmnaot a

the midbrian i

Mid hin and ofr

hte mdibreian cu i th ash tidela the pons and medulla

the rbains tei si ght ebriena posna del land it hs hte ciela dn it has hte aiscn and diensci ntrac

icontoiai usntoamciel ncuel fo nucle and rel coent er

so the rbain spte is oging ot hav hte posnmeudl and the posn meudl and the mdibrain and it siogo g be hte ido te cerbeull and ceb ruem

te thalmsius igong o hav ehte slkta o hte pteioa hnant jat ht atpiro ao tht ehatlmsu and anotehr thignsi. that ti soigno g thhtamsus thalmsu thalmus ta lo ats

inerhalms ahdioen it is going to recig sens exet foal otry

the mdibrain

The mdinr baihn ocmpeoen of midbrain cerbeal penducle moto traion