World Civ World War 2
Poland 1939
Non-Aggression Pact-Soviet Union and Germany agreed not to attack each other and agreed to split up Poland
Blitzkrieg- Lightning War, coordination of planes, tanks, soldiers very quickly
France 1940
Fr. surrendered in 40 days
Ger went around Fr. defenses (Through Bel.)
Britain 1940
Airplane battle, Ger. bombing of Br. cities
Britain beat Germany
Stalingrad 1942
Soviet Union won, one of bloodiest battles in modern history(Broke Non-aggression pact)
Turning point for Ger. Allies favored
Sicily 1942
Had to invade an island from water to land (amphIbious)
USA was able to make italy surrender
D Day 1944
Canada, US, Britain all crossed the English channel to take back mainland Europe
Normandy, France
Successful
Bulge 1945
In Belgium, US v. Germany
During Winter, forest
Germany’s last offensive
Allied Victory
Major combatants- Soviet Union vs Germany
In the beginning- Germany winning
In the end- Soviets won
IMPORTANT- The Eastern Front had the largest number of deaths in the war
In the 1970’s US and Europe were hit by inflation and an economy that wasn’t growing (Stagflation)
Solidarity- In Poland, workers , men ,and woman protested the freezing of wages, but allowed prices to go up (Lech Walesa- Leader)- Leader in on quiz
Kids in Ger. showed their frustration with the Cold War and communism through Punk Rock
The last leader of the Soviet Union was Mikhail Gorbachev
Glasnost and Perestroika
When offered a real ballot, people in the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union NEVER elected a communist
George Marshal was the Secretary of State
He Was in the Senate asking for money to help with the European Recovery Program
Rationale- We need this money to help European countries rebuild/recover after WWII
Goal- Prevent a repeat of what happened after WWI( Communism/Fascism
Map of Cold War
Munich Pact - this allowed Hitler to invade Sudetenland if he stopped there.
Neville Chamberlain - visits Adolf Hitler and tells Adolf no more demands, but after saying “peace in our time” but allowed the Munich Pact
Appeasement - to give in into demands to keep peace
Hitler/Germany takes over Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Netherlands, Poland, Norway, France Belgium
Germany signs deal with Soviet Union so they wouldn’t get surrounded by all countries
War starts by Germany invading Poland quickly and easily
Blitzkrieg - A war that quickly moves with effective coordination and all parts of the military (planes, tanks, soldiers)
Poland is divided with Soviet Union
Vichy - German government that controlled France
Atlantic Charter 1941 - Canada
Us president- Franklin Roosevelt
Uk Prime Minister- Winston Churchill
Tehran Conference
Big three-Us(Roosevelt),UK(Churchill) Soviet Union( Stalin)
Soviets help vs Japan
British and American agree to invade France
Yalta Conference
Unconditional Surrender - country that is surrendering cannot make deals with the country taking over
United Nations
4 Occupied Zones - US, England, France, & USSR, Germany gets split into the zones
Potsdam Conference
War is basically over (not Japan) Truman is now president (atomic bomb ready)
World superpowers meeting post-war created long term peace
Decides the divide Germany in 1948
British US and France merged their zones to make east Germany and Soviet get heated, they made a West Germany
Soviets make a blockade at Berlin so supplies cant get through
Berlin AirLift - Flew supplies into Berlin
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO is created because of fear from Soviets attacking Belgium, France, Netherlands, and Luxembourg getting wiped out. If one country is attacked, everyone has to help
US, Canada, France, Great Britain, Luxembourg, Belgium, and Netherlands are the OG
WarSaw pact countries - East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia, and Soviets
Cold War (1945-91)
Soviets were communists, made United States not trust em
Soviets want land, liberate nations, another reason United States doesn’t trust em
Soviets made a agreement with Germany untrustworthy fr
Soviets didn’t have free elections in Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia because they want more communism ^^^^reasons why they aint trusted
America had atomic bombs, America supported whites, Comms win that
Soviet Union fought more and lost more in wwII
America didn’t get involved in european affairs (isolationism) but they realize they do
1946 Winston Churchill voted out and said at Fulton College Missouri the Iron Curtain has fallen
France was in free Europe
Poland was in soviet Europe
Iron Curtain - the dividing line between the soviet europe and free europe
US president Harry Truman proclaimed the Truman Doctrine
Truman Doctrine - Reasoning, Threatened by Communist influence in Turkey and Greece, marked commitment to COLD WAR
Policy of Containment - By applying firm diplomatic, economic, and military counterpressure, the United States could block Soviet aggression.
America has to contain communism, everytime communism pops up, get rid of it
Marshall Plan - Tried to give European countries money, Soviets refused
Marshall Plan makes USA the world superpower
17 billion dollars to western Europe
People celebrated on the Berlin Wall
USA won Cold War
Soviet Union - A World Superpower that followed Communism and was on the side of the Warsaw pact.
Heavy Industry - The manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines, this helped the military and helped rebuild it after the devastation of World War II.
Sole- Stalin was a sole leader, which was like a dictator. After World War II, people knew the power of Adolf Hitlers dictatorship showing the significance of Stalin's sole power
Enhanced- Improved or intensified, often referring to efforts to modernize
De -Stalinization- Khrushchev's policy to reduce stalin's dictatorship control and reforming policies to be less oppressive
Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn wrote a novel that talked about life in a labor camp and talked about the government, which wasn’t allowed. Khrushchev allowed this which is significant as it allowed a little bit more freedom
Albania/Yugoslavia- communist states in eastern europe that resisted control by soviet union, maintaining more independence
Tito or known as Josip Broz led the communist resistance movement and refused Stalin's requests to control Yugoslavia with a communist party like the other countries. Tito held an independent state at first in Yugoslavia and ruled over Yugoslavia until his death in 1980.
Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia tried to pursue a new course away from the Soviet Union after Stalin's death but the Soviet Union did not let them become independent of Soviet control. This significance is that the Soviet Union was just as powerful even after Stalin's death.
Imre Nagy was a Hungarian leader who declared Hungary a free nation and promised free elections.
Alexander Dubcek was the first secretary of the Communist party and introduced many reforms