Group 1A/B

1A: Alkali Metals H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, NH4+ Most reactive group (seldom free in nature). Soluble gr Valence: +1 Hydrogen (H2) Water forming when burned with O2 2O Inflamm..able air Lightest element (1g/mol) Prep: Lane & Messerschmidt Process (99% pure H2O) Isotopes: Protium most abundant, common and stable isotope Deuterium heavy isotope (D2O Deuterium oxide "heavy water" Deuterated solvent is used as solvent in NMR Spectroscopy) Tritium radioactive isotope Industrial uses: Haber Process (N2 + 3H2 3 @ high pressures) production of ammonia Oil hydrogenation - production of margarine Balloon inflation - not used anymore GC gas carrier (also He, N) Lithium (Li) Lithos (earth, rock lightest metal Use: Diuretic (S/E: hypovolemia, hyponatremia) Mood stabilizer (sedative); DOC for Mania (S/E: narrow TI) Lithium bromide additive sedative effects Lithium carbonate - Widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of bipolar disorders; last line of therapy for Mania - Li2CO3 capsules - Eskalith® - Li2CO3 tablets - Lithase® - Li2CO3 extended-release tablet - Quilonium-R® Non-pharmacological use: air-con heat exchanger Sodium (Na) Natrium (native) Cation of choice for organic medicinal Potassium (K) Kalium (Potash): soluble K+ salts Use: Diuretic, Muscle contractant Rubidium (Rb) Spectral line: red; 1861 Cesium (Cs) Spectral line: blue; 1860 Catalyst in resin polymerization 1st element discovered by use of spectroscope (Kirchoffbunsen spectroscope) Francium (Fr; France) Ammonium (NH4+) Weak base Hypothetical/ pseudo alkali metal Pharmacological use: Diuretic, expectorant, buffer component Compounds Ammonia, NH3 - Respiratory stimulant (pungent odor) - Basic (blue litmus) Household ammonia - 10% or 16° (degree Baume) NH3 Dilute ammonia solution; ammonia water - 9.5-10.5% NH3 - Neutralize insect/ jellyfish stings Strong ammonia solution/ water (Spirit of Hartshorn) - 27-31% NH3 Aromatic ammonia spirit (Spirit of Sal volatile) - Strong ammonia soln + ammonium carbonate (others: volatile oils of nutmeg & lemon, EtOH) 1B: Coinage Metals Occurrence: Free or in complexes/ chelates (easily recover from ore Metallurgy) Malleable, Conductor of heat and electricity: 3rd: Cu+1, +2 2nd: Ag+1 1st: Au +1,+3 Copper (Cu) Cuprum Cuprous (Cu+1) readily undergoes disproportionation (Cu+1 0 + Cu+2) Only reddish metal (+) Hemocyanin (respiratory pigment) and cytochrome oxidase (FeCu) Use: Protein precipitant (heavy metal) Silver (Ag) Argentum, Shining, Bright Fine silver (99.9% pure; too soft) Use: heavy metals to inhibit microorganism growth in small concentration Protein precipitant (heavy metal) Silver Proteinates Medicinal Use % Ag Mild silver protein (Argyrol) Antiseptic for the eyes 19-23 Strong silver protein (Protargol) ENT germicide 7.5-8.5 Colloidal silver protein (Collargol) General germicide 10-22 * Colloidal AgCl/ Lunosol Gold (Au) Aurum, Shining dawn, King of all metals 24 karats (purest) Can be dissolved by: Aqua regia: HCl + HNO3 (3:1) Selenic acid: H2SeO4 only single acid that can dissolve gold Gold preparation DMARD (RA, Gout); before Aurothioglucose (Solganal®), IM Gold sodium thiomalate (Mypchrysin®), IM Auranofin (Ridaura®), PO Purple of Cassius Colloidal gold with Stannic hydroxide Sn(OH)4