Untitled Flashcards Set
Which of the following statements about adenosine are correct? (Select all that apply.)
Adenosine works by slowing conduction through the AV node.
Adenosine is a first-line treatment for ventricular tachycardia.
Common side effects of adenosine include flushing, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath.
If the initial dose of adenosine is ineffective in converting SVT, a higher dose may be administered.
Adenosine is typically administered as a rapid IV push.
A patient presents with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator that the administered adenosine dose was effective?
The patient reports a decrease in chest pain.
The patient's blood pressure increases.
The ECG shows conversion to normal sinus rhythm.
The patient experiences a brief episode of coughing.
A patient with ventricular fibrillation has been prescribed amiodarone. What statement by the patient requires further teaching from the nurse?
A) "I may experience some nausea and vomiting, but this should subside over time."
B) "It's crucial to use sunscreen and avoid tanning beds while taking this medication."
C) "This medication will likely cause my heart rate to decrease."
D) "I should drink plenty of grapefruit juice to help the medication absorb better."
E) "If I notice any changes in my vision, I should let the nurse or provider know immediately."
4. A patient is experiencing symptomatic bradycardia with a heart rate of 45 bpm. Which of the following medications would the nurse anticipate administering?
a) Metoprolol
b) Digoxin
c) Atropine
d) Lidocaine
5. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for atropine administration?
a) Symptomatic bradycardia
b) Acute myocardial infarction
c) Angle-closure glaucoma
d) Sinus bradycardia with a heart rate of 50 bpm
6. A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed carvedilol. The nurse explains that the primary purpose of this medication is to:
Increase the force of heart contractions to improve cardiac output.
B. Reduce heart rate and blood pressure to decrease cardiac workload.
C. Promote fluid excretion to decrease pulmonary congestion.
D. Constrict blood vessels to improve circulation to vital organs.
7. A client is prescribed clonidine for hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in client education regarding this medication?
A) "Increase your intake of sodium-rich foods to help regulate blood pressure."
B) "It is safe to consume alcohol in moderation while taking this medication."
C) "If you experience localized redness around the transdermal patch site, discontinue use immediately and notify your healthcare provider."
D) "Do not abruptly stop taking this medication, as it may cause a rapid increase in blood pressure."
E) "This medication is safe to take with other medications that lower heart rate."
Correct Answer: D) "Do not abruptly stop taking this medication, as it may cause a rapid increase in blood pressure."
8. A patient is prescribed digoxin for heart failure. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of digoxin?
A) Inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased heart rate and contractility.
B) Increased intracellular sodium concentration, resulting in increased calcium influx and stronger cardiac contractions.
C) Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), promoting vasoconstriction and fluid retention.
D) Blockade of calcium channels, reducing myocardial contractility and slowing heart rate.
E) Enhancement of vagal nerve activity, leading to increased heart rate and improved cardiac output.
9. A client is prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem) for the treatment of hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the client's discharge teaching?
A) "Increase your intake of grapefruit juice while taking this medication.
B) "Monitor your blood pressure regularly and report any significant changes to your healthcare provider."
C) "Take this medication with an antacid if you experience heartburn."
D) "Discontinue the medication immediately if you experience any side effects."
Rationale:
Option B is correct. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that lowers blood pressure. It is important for clients to monitor their blood pressure regularly to assess the effectiveness of the medication and to identify any potential problems such as hypotension. Clients should be taught how to monitor their blood pressure at home and what readings to report to their healthcare provider.
10. A patient is receiving a dopamine infusion. The nurse understands that dopamine stimulates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Which of the following effects would the nurse expect to observe?
A) Decreased heart rate and vasodilation
B) Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction
C) Bronchoconstriction and decreased blood pressure
D) Increased urine output and decreased cardiac output
11. A 70-year-old patient is admitted to the cardiac care unit with symptomatic bradycardia (heart rate below 60 bpm). The physician orders epinephrine. Which of the following BEST describes the expected therapeutic effect of epinephrine in this situation?
A) Decreased cardiac contractility and heart rate.
B) Increased heart rate and cardiac output.
C) Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.
D) Improved coronary blood flow and decreased myocardial oxygen demand
12. True or False: Lisinopril is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. TRUE