Authorian states (germany)
Political Terms
Weaknesses of the Weimar Republic - Weak government with frequent changes, economic struggles, and lack of public support.
Article 48 - Allowed the president to rule by emergency decree without parliament.
Reichstag Fire- 1933 fire used by Hitler to crack down on communists and gain emergency powers.
Enabling Act (1933) -Gave Hitler authority to pass laws without parliamentary consent, establishing a dictatorship.
Night of the Long Knives - 1934 purge where Hitler eliminated rivals, including SA leaders, consolidating his power.
Spartacus Rising - A failed 1919 communist revolt to overthrow the Weimar government.
Kapp Putsch - A failed 1920 right-wing coup attempt against the Weimar Republic.
Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch - Hitler’s failed 1923 coup attempt to seize power in Munich.
Election of March 5, 1933 - Gave the Nazis dominance in parliament.
Mein Kampf - Hitler’s book outlining Nazi ideology and his plans for Germany.
Economic Terms
Great Depression - Global economic crisis worsened unemployment and poverty in Germany, helping the Nazis gain support.
Dawes Plan - U.S. plan to stabilize Germany’s economy by restructuring reparations payments.
Autarky - The nazi goal of self-sufficiency in Germany’s economy.
Four-Year Plan - Nazi economic plan to prepare Germany for war and achieve autarky.
Reparations (Treaty of Versailles) - Payments imposed on Germany after WWI, causing economic hardship.
Diktat - Term used by Germans to describe the Treaty of Versailles, meaning “dictated peace.”
Social and Cultural Terms
Volksgemeinschaft - Nazi idea of a “people’s community” based on race and loyalty to the state.
Propaganda - Tools used by Nazis to control public opinion and promote their ideology.
Joseph Goebbels - Nazi Minister of Propaganda, responsible for media and messaging.
Gestapo: Nazi secret police that suppressed dissent.
Hitler Youth (HJ): Organization for indoctrinating German boys with Nazi beliefs.
Bund Deutscher Mädel(BDM)-Nazi youth group for girls to promote Nazi ideals of womanhood.
Kristallnacht: A 1938 attack on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany.
Eugenics: Nazi policies to promote “racial purity” and prevent reproduction by “undesirable” groups.
Mother’s Cross: Nazi award for women who bore many children to promote population growth.
Treatment of minority groups: Harsh discrimination and persecution, especially against Jews, disabled people, and Roma.
Reasons for different groups opposing the Nazis: Resistance due to ideological, religious, or personal reasons, such as communists, socialists, or religious minorities.
Military and Foreign Policy Terms
Rearmament - Nazi policy of rebuilding Germany’s military, violating the Treaty of Versailles.
Freikorps- Paramilitary groups of ex-soldiers who opposed communists and supported right-wing causes.
Munich Agreement - 1938 deal allowing Germany to annex Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to avoid war.
Non-Aggression Pact (1939)- Pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to not attack each other and divide Poland.
Blitzkrieg - “Lightning war” strategy used by Germany for fast and overwhelming attacks.
Key Individuals
Adolf Hitler - Leader of the Nazi Party and dictator of Germany.
Heinrich Himmler - Head of the SS and architect of the Holocaust.
Hermann Göring - Nazi leader in charge of the Luftwaffe (air force) and economic policies.