Dar Al Islam quiz

In the period 1200-1450, the formation of new Islamic caliphates played a significant role in the preservation and dissemination of learning and technologies. Islam, the second most popular religion with nearly 1.8 billion followers, emphasizes the unity of one God and the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. Following Muhammad's death, a dispute over leadership led to the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) expanded Islam beyond Arabia but faced conflicts with non-Arabs. The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) succeeded the Umayyads, promoting a diverse cultural exchange and a centralized bureaucratic state in Baghdad. The fall of Baghdad to the Mongols in 1258 led to the rise of multiple Turkic states. Islam spread further not only through military and merchant activity but also through the influence of Sufism. The House of Wisdom in Baghdad became a center for significant academic advancements, influencing mathematics, literature, and medicine, and contributing to the European Renaissance through the preservation of Greek works.