Natural and Artificial Selection and Reproduction

reproduction

Sexual Reproduction: the reproduction of two organisms resulting in a combination of both parents DNA

Asexual Reproduction: the reproduction of a single organism (parent), the parent creates an exact copy of the itself 

genotype: the genetic make up I ingredient in an offspring- all non observable traits (mental illness ect)

an offspring mutation a change in the DNA- unpredictable 

phenotype: all physical traits in an offspring- observable traits- hair color, height, eye color

allele: a duplicate gene with slightly different genetic make up, 

    the allele known as heterochromia results in two different eye colors

sexual reproduction                                                       asexual reproduction 

        ภ        ហ                                                                      ᦓ                     ᦓ

   parent   parent                                                          parent          offspring

             几

these two elephants reproduced sexually                this snake reproduced

The offspring is a combination of their DNA        asexually, and as you

                                                                                         can see the offspring

                                                                                         is an exact replica

natural selection

Natural Selection/evolution: a change in  inherited traits in a population

of organisms over many generations natural selection the phenomenon caused by certain

Characteristics of an organism being favored in a population, greatening or hindering it's survival selective pressure i a population of organisms traits

being effected by the outside influences in it's environment evolutionary fitness& success the survival rate of a population 

example: 

    a group of birds is green, each off spring is a slightly different shade of green than each other if the leaves of the trees that they live in is a light green, the dark     and medium birds are less likely to survive due to their pray being more likely to spot them for natural selection to occur, a     population must have a wide             variety of organisms and traits which means it is a much slower and in some cases non- existent in species who reproduce asexually

artificial selection 

Artificial Selection definition: the selection of survival in a group of organisms typically by humans to enhance certain characteristics over several generations 

DOGS 

all breeds of dogs are decedents of wolves, we achieved so many breeds with artificial selection wolf has puppies humans select which several

traits generations they like later best 

starting dog: large build, thick fur, short ears, long tail

-several years of humans breeding the dogs with the most desired traits)

end dog: small, not very muscular, long ears, small tail

PLANTS

artificial selection in plants: humans planting, selecting, and breeding plants to achieve a more desired result

Starting plant small: small fruits, over hundreds bitter taste, doesn't survive winters ever

years of artificial selection

end plant: big, big fruits, sweet taste, survives winters most of the time

natural selection with mutations

Natural selection example with mutations:

• a group of beetles lives on a plant

the leaves on this plant are medium

green. The beetles pray is a flock of birds. These birds have always

eaten the green beetles. One day, a mutation occurs in an offspring causing it to be orange. 

The birds come by and see the orange beetle next to all the green ones and

assume it's from a different plant, possibly poisonous, and leave it alone. 

The orange beetle grows up and mates with a green beetle. The mutation re occurs and the off springs

are orange. The birds come by and have the same reaction. 

These orange off springs grow up and mate, The cycle restarts and soon the entire plant- several several generations later- is completely orange.

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The birds naturally selected the green beetles, causing the orange ones to multiply and the green beetles for that plant to go extinct. When Does a Mutation Create a New Species

a mutation creates a men species when either two off springs that were once the same specie cannot breed, they are unable to survive in each others environments, or are so physically different scientists declare them separate species