DJ

Diabetes Overview

Diabetes Overview

1. Types of Diabetes

1.1. Type 1 Diabetes (Insulin-Dependent Diabetes, Juvenile Diabetes)

  • Insulin deficiency leads to ketoacidosis.

  • Invariably fatal before insulin discovery.

  • Therapeutic focus on:

    • Treating and preventing diabetic ketoacidosis.

    • Preventing long-term vascular complications.

1.2. Type 2 Diabetes (Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes, Adult-Onset Diabetes)

  • Insulin resistance with a relative lack of insulin leads to hyperglycemia.

  • Symptoms include (P-UD-B):

    • Polyuria (excessive urination)

    • Polydipsia (excessive thirst)

    • Blurred vision

  • Major risk factor for atheromatous disease.

2. Prevalence

  • Increasing in affluent and developing countries.

  • Represents a major public health challenge.

3. Risk Factors

  • Importance of addressing risk factors distinct from blood glucose, especially hypertension.

4. Focus of Chapter

  • Types of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents.