2.11 Forced and Voluntary Migration Notes

}}Forced Migration}}

}}Occurs when people have no choice but to leave. There are 2 common examples of this:}}

  1. Slavery- Detaining a human against their will under threat of violence.
  2. Refugees/Asylum Seekers- People forced to emigrate based on political and environmental factors (usually).

Political Factors

  • Violation of human rights or persecution, war: civil war and war against foreign states

Environmental Factors

  • Drought, famine, disease, severe weather or tectonic events.

}}Asylum seekers are refugees who seek protection from another country.}}

Transnational Migration

  • When people leave their country of origin and enter another country.
  • They maintain a connection to their country of origin.
  • These people often settle in areas of similar migrants.
  • They leave their mark on the cultural landscape.

Transhumance

  • Livestock are led to highland areas in the summer months and lowland areas in winter months
  • Cyclical movement
  • Migration routes are connected to trade routes

Internal

  • Permanent move within a country
  • Economics- Job relocation/opportunity
  • Culture- Live near those that share the same cultural traits
  • Interregional Migration- From one region to another
  • Intraregional Migration- Movement within a region

Chain

  • Migration where there is some type of relationship with a previous migrant
  • Often familial
  • Can ease the burden of migration

Step

  • Series of starts and stops
  • Can involve intervening obstacles and/or intervening opportunities

Guest Workers and Remittances

  • Temporary migrants who often have legal permission to migrate for work or education related reasons
  • Migrants sending money back to their country of origin

Rural to Urban Migrations

  • Movements of people form rural areas to cities
  • Often drawn by economics, housing and services

2.11 IMPORTANT VOCABULARY

Forced Migration- Migration that is involuntary, meaning migrants have no choice but to move

Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)- Forced migrants that move to another part of the same country

Refugees- Forced migrants that cross international borders

Asylum- Some political refugees apply for this when they arrive in their country of destination. This is the protection granted by one country to an immigrant from another country who has a legitimate fear of harm or death if he or she returns.

Voluntary Migration- Occurs when people choose to relocate

Internal Migration- Describes movement that occurs within a country

Transnational Migration- When people move from one country to another, or internationally rather than internally

Chain Migration- The process of migrants deciding to locate in a city or community where others from their home country, family members, friends, or those from their culture group have previously settled. This explains many patterns of migration and helps migrants transition into the receiving country.

Guest Worker- Transnational migrants who relocate to a new country to provide labor that isn’t available locally

Transhumance- The process of herders moving with their animals to different pastures during different seasons

\n

\n

\n

\n