Hypothesis

The research structures helps us create research that us: Quantifiable, Verifiable, Replicable, & Defensible.

Hypothesis states your predictions about what your research will find. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested

Nature of Hypothesis

-it is a powerful tool of advancement of knowledge, consistent with existing knowledge and conducive to further inquiry

-it can be tested - verifiable or falsifiable

-it is neither too specific nor too general

-it is a prediction of consequences

Types of Hypothesis:

Simple Hypothesis- predicts the relationship between an independent variable to a dependent variable.

Complex Hypothesis- predicts the relationship of 2 or more independent variables with 2 or more dependent variables.

Directional Hypothesis- specifies not only the existence but also the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. 

Non-directional Hypothesis- does not stipulate the direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Null Hypothesis (designated by: H0 or HN pronounced as “H oh” or “H-null”) represents a theory that has been put forward either because it is believed to be true or because it is to be used as a basis for argument, but has not been proved.

Has serious outcome if incorrect decision is made?

Alternative Hypothesis (designated by H1 or HA) is a statement of what a hypothesis test is set up to establish. It is also the opposite of Null Hypothesis and is only reached if H0 is rejected.

-frequently “alternative” is actual desired conclusion of the researcher

Research Hypothesis- It is a hypothesis which @@states the actual expected relationships between variables@@. It is always expressed affirmative and is called @@"substantive" or "scientific hypotheses@@".

Hypothesis testing is a four-step procedure:

1 Stating the hypothesis (Null or Alternative)

2 Setting the criteria for a decision

3 Collecting data

4 Evaluate the null hypothesis

Deductive- General to specific

Inductive- Specific to general

Type I Error -occurs when the null hypothesis (H0) is wrongly rejected.

Type II Error -occurs when the null hypothesis H0, is not rejected when it is in fact “false”.