Introduction to Microbiology

 Scientists :

Edward Jenner (1749 – 1823) Considered the father of immunology. Pioneered the concept of vaccines. Discovered the smallpox vaccine. His work is believed to have helped to save more lives than any other human.

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) The ‘father of bacteriology’, ‘the father of microbiology’ Chemist and microbiologist involved in the study of fermentation, spontaneous generation, vaccines and bacteriology. Developed vaccines for Anthrax and rabies. Pasteurization.

Robert Koch (1843 – 1910) Father of medical bacteriology. Koch’s Postulates. Germ Theory of Disease. Pioneered culturing and microbiology laboratory techniques. Discovered the bacteria that causes diseases such as: Cholera, Tuberculosis, Anthrax and Septicemia.

Alexander Fleming (1881 – 1955) Discovered that bodily fluids could have antimicrobial properties – Lysozyme. Discovered the first widely used antibiotic - Penicillin. Serendipity.

Carl Woese (1928 – 2012) Studied bacterial genetics. Discovered that hot spring bacteria in Yellowstone National Park had very different genomes than any other organisms on earth. Discovering the Archaea. Proposed the Three Domain System of classification.

\ Cellular reproduction Sexual reproduction – an exchange of genetics resulting in a genetically different organism than the parents. Asexual reproduction – cellular reproduction where new cells are not from combined genetics, involves only a single organism reproducing, new cells are clones.

\ Binary Fission Asexual Reproduction Occurs in Prokaryotic cells 3 Stages

• DNA replication

Segregation of DNA & contents - Separation & C.M. pinches off

Mitosis Asexual Reproduction Occurs in Eukaryotic cells 5 Stages

• Nucleus divides – 4 stages
• Cytoplasm divides – 1 stage

\ Meiosis For Sexual Reproduction Occurs in Eukaryotic cells New cells (daughter cells) have half the DNA as the original (parent) cell

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