Gene Regulation (Prokaryotic)
Meridiploid
Auxotrophy - selection and screening
Gene regulation via operons
Cis and trans acting elements
reporter systems for measuring gene regulation
posirive regulation byCRP cAMP
problem solving for lac and trp repressors
Csome structure and Gene regulation
cytogenetic mapping
methods for staining and fluorescent - FISH?
telomere properties (basics)
Gene regulation via chromosome strucutre
euchromatin and heterochromatin
euchromatin must be remodeled. it is not being transcribed; it is able to be transcribed but it is wound up by chromatin. Euchromatin is easily remodeled in order to be transcribed.
PEV method
histone modifying enzymes
16q 23.1
16 is the chromosome, q is the long arm, 23.1 is the banding pattern.
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Cis and trans acting elements. dont go into the details.
What does it mean when something binds to an enhancer element? what does that do to gene expression? what does it do to chromatin? Does it bind to the mediator complex - and what will that cause RNA polymerase to do?
TC factors have a DNA binding domain and a protein interaction domain, and the dimerization domain.
After initiation
post transcriptional basic
Genetic Variation
Classes of DNA variants
Methods for testing genetic variation
PCR, Variation of PCR,
PCR and SSR for genetic testing (problem solving)
Application of genetic variation
positional cloning method
problem solving example
17,18 would mean one from each parent
SNPs vs SSRs vs CNVs
SNP are single nucleotide polymorphism. A single nucleotide is different.
InDels are insertions or deletions. Most of them come from a double stranded break.
SSR are single sequence repeat
CNV is copy number variant. shows up as extra bands in a PCR (normally you have 2 copies of an allele)
Final Review
Section 1
phenotypic crosses. there will be extensions of mendel, such as multiple alleles.
meiosis and fertilization with genetic crosses
inheritance via meiosis and mitosis
chromosome inheritance
There will be a question about writing out a pedigree to figure out what is going on based on the information given.
Whats a test cross what is it used for?
which provess separates identical dsDNA?
Calculating probabilities in dihybrid crosses
you should know linkage from all 3 sections. Section 1 is that phenotypes are inherited. section 2 is pertaining to DNA recombination. they are linked because they are on the same piece of DNA, but you could get crossing over. Section 3: tracked genetic variation. we can track genetic variations through SNPs, InDels. We dont need phenotype anymore.
Section 2
relationship between Genetic inheritance and chemistry of DNA
dont have to memorize the mutations, should recognize the mutations we have
molecular mechanism do convert DNA to cellular function: transcription and Translation
analyze genes and gene structure for molecular and ohenotypic effects
dont need to know sigma factor shit
DNA Calculations
TATA-A/T-A-A/T this equals roughy 1/4000 chance, how?
this region would not be useful for finding transcribed regions in genes.
23 chromosomes, 3 billion nucleotides, 20,000 genes
during dna replication, 92 strands of DNA are copied.
promoter is never part of the transcript, so its never the first part of the mRNA transcript.
Section 3
gene reg
same DNA w different phenotypes is gene regulation
highlight experimental systems, model organisms
will probably see an operon question but not very hard
trans acting cis acting factors