The Web and The Internet

The Web and The Internet

Overview

  • Group 3 presentation on the concepts regarding the web and the internet.

Lesson Objectives

  • At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:

    • Explore breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations that emerged recently.

    • Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.

    • Examine the evolution of the internet.

    • Understand different uses of the internet today.

    • Discuss fundamental terms and definitions related to the internet.

Internet Terms and Definitions

  • Internet: Global network of interconnected computer networks allowing worldwide data exchange and communication.

  • Web: A vast collection of accessible webpages organized for users.

  • Email: Method for sending and receiving messages online.

  • Social Media: Platforms for sharing diverse content and interacting with others.

  • Online Gaming: Interactive games over the internet.

  • Software Updates: Improvements to applications often downloaded via the internet.

  • HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): Language for structuring and formatting web content.

Additional Terms

  • URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Web address directing users to specific resources.

  • Bit: The smallest data unit in computing, represented as 1 or 0.

  • Byte: Unit of data equal to eight bits.

  • Upload/Download: Processes of transferring data to and from local and remote computers.

  • HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols for communication over the web, with HTTPS providing security through encryption.

Networking Concepts

  • Router: Device managing network traffic and directing data signals.

  • Encryption: Securing data by converting it into an unreadable format.

  • Web Bot: Automates tasks on the internet like posting messages or searching.

  • Search Engine: Software that allows users to search the internet using keywords.

The Web

  • Inventor: Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee.

  • Role: Creator of the World Wide Web, professor at MIT and Oxford.

  • Web Pages: Interlinked documents featuring text, images, and hyperlinks; organized into websites.

  • Home Page: The main page of a website that links to other pages.

Web Generations

Web 1.0 (Read-Only Static Web)

  • Definition: Early read-only web, focused solely on information viewing.

  • Characteristics:

    • Static network of information with limited user interaction.

    • Use of tables for web design positioning.

    • Goals included facilitating access to content.

  • Examples: Mp3.com

  • Disadvantages: Lack of interactivity and standards.

Web 2.0 (Read-Write Interactive Web)

  • Definition: Emphasizes collaboration and user interaction.

  • Characteristics:

    • Shift from static to dynamic web pages.

    • Focus on user-generated content.

    • Platforms like social media, wikis, and blogs.

    • Encourages participation in content creation.

Examples of Web 2.0

  • Social Networking Sites: e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram.

  • Blogs: Personal and professional content published in a conversational format.

  • Wikis: Collaborative platforms like Wikipedia and Confluence.

  • Video Sharing Sites: Platforms like YouTube and Vimeo.

Key Features of Web 2.0

  • Folksonomy: User-driven categorization through tagging.

  • Rich User Interface (RUI): Dynamic and responsive user interfaces enhancing engagement.

  • User Participation: Users can contribute content alongside site owners.

  • Long Tail: Business model focusing on on-demand services and subsisting niche markets.

Web 3.0 (Read-Write Intelligent Web)

  • Definition: Third generation of the internet emphasizing two-way interactions.

  • Features:

    • Enhanced connectedness and intelligence in applications.

    • Key technologies include semantic web and machine learning.

Types of Websites

  • E-Commerce, Business, Entertainment, Portfolio, Media, Brochure, Nonprofit, Educational, Infopreneur, Personal, Web Portal, Wiki/Community Forum websites.

The Internet

  • Definition: The largest global computer network connecting billions of users.

  • Origin of the Name: Derived from interconnection and network.

  • Structure: Composed of networks linking computers and devices for resource sharing.

Brief History of the Internet

  • ARPA initiated a decentralized experimental computer network in 1969.

  • The term "Internet" was first used in 1982.

  • Notable events include:

    • Creation of the first "free net" at Case Western Reserve University in 1986.

    • Allowing businesses to connect in 1991.

    • Contributions of Vinton Gray Cerf and Bob Kahn, known as "fathers of the Internet."

Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers

  • Programs/resources providing services to client computers.

  • Types:

    • Application Server: Handles business logic and client requests.

    • Web Server: Serves web content and processes requests.

    • Proxy Server: Acts as a gateway between clients and other servers.

    • Mail Server: Manages email communication.

    • File Server: Centralizes data storage for networked computers.

2. IP Address

  • Unique numerical label assigned to devices for communication.

3. Browser

  • Software for accessing and viewing web information (e.g., Chrome, Safari).

4. Domain Name System (DNS)

  • Translates domain names into IP addresses for easier access.

5. Internet Service Provider (ISP)

  • Organizations offering internet access services, categorized into national or regional ISPs.

Uses of the Internet

  • Information retrieval, email, video conferencing, online shopping, social networking, entertainment, and educational purposes.