hush flash cards

1. Where is Independence Hall located?

- Independence Hall is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

2. When was the Constitution signed?

- The U.S. Constitution was signed on September 17, 1787.

3. What do the Senate and the House of Representatives make up?

- The Senate and the House of Representatives together make up the United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.

4. How is representation determined in the House of Representatives?

- Representation in the House of Representatives is based on a state's population, with more populous states having more representatives.

5. How many senators does each state have?

- Each state has two senators, regardless of its population.

6. What type of slavery was promoted through the cotton gin?

- The cotton gin promoted the expansion of chattel slavery, as it increased the demand for enslaved labor on cotton plantations.

7. What is the Revolution of 1800?

- The Revolution of 1800 refers to the peaceful transfer of power in the U.S. following the 1800 presidential election, when Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams.

8. What act violates the 1st Amendment?

- The Sedition Act of 1798 violated the 1st Amendment by restricting speech critical of the government.

9. Who made the decision for Marbury v. Madison?

- Chief Justice John Marshall made the decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803).

10. In a debate where 9/13 states are for something, is it fair?

- Under the Articles of Confederation, major decisions required approval from 9 out of 13 states, a system designed to ensure broad consensus. Whether it is "fair" can be debated.

11. What is the part called that introduced the Constitution?

- The introductory part of the Constitution is called the Preamble.

12. When was America the "less perfect union"?

- America was considered a "less perfect union" during the period of the Articles of Confederation (1781–1789), before the adoption of the Constitution.

13. How do the powers of government support political science?

- The separation of powers and checks and balances in the U.S. government are fundamental concepts in political science for understanding how authority is distributed and regulated in a democracy.

14. What is the most common symbol for the separation of power?

- The triangle is a common symbol representing the three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial.

15. What does the legislative body do?

- The legislative body (Congress) is responsible for making laws.

16. What does the executive body do?

- The executive body (headed by the President) is responsible for enforcing and implementing laws.

17. What does the judicial body do?

- The judicial body (courts, led by the Supreme Court) is responsible for interpreting laws and determining their constitutionality.

18. Minimum age to be in the House of Representatives?

- The minimum age to be a member of the House of Representatives is 25 years old.

19. Minimum age to be a part of the Senate?

- The minimum age to be a U.S. Senator is 30 years old.

20. Requirements to be a federal judge?

- The U.S. Constitution sets no specific requirements (like age or citizenship) for becoming a federal judge, but in practice, federal judges are usually lawyers with significant legal experience and are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

21. What is the "less perfect union" (the union during the Articles of Confederation)?

- The "less perfect union" refers to the United States under the Articles of Confederation, which created a weak central government that had limited powers and relied on the states for most authority.

22. What article says 9/13 states must agree?

- Article 9 of the Articles of Confederation required the approval of 9 out of 13 states for major decisions, like declaring war or entering treaties.

23. What ethnic group is not drafted in war?

- Native Americans were historically excluded from being drafted in some instances, especially before they were granted U.S. citizenship in 1924. Members of certain religious groups, like the Amish, may also claim conscientious objector status.

24. What is a politically incorrect term in the Articles of Confederation?

- The Articles of Confederation use the term "Indian" in a way that might be considered politically incorrect today. The term "Indian tribes" was used to refer to Native American groups.

25. What is an elastic clause?

- The elastic clause (also known as the Necessary and Proper Clause) is in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution and gives Congress the power to pass laws that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out its enumerated powers.

26. What are delegated powers?

- Delegated powers are those specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution, such as the power to regulate interstate commerce, declare war, and coin money.

27. What are each level of government?

- The three levels of government in the U.S. are federal, state, and local.

28. How to separate church and state?

- Separation of church and state is ensured through the First Amendment, which prohibits the government from establishing a religion or interfering with the free exercise of religion.

29. What right did the Boston Massacre influence?

- The Boston Massacre fueled support for the right to protest and contributed to the eventual creation of protections for freedom of assembly and freedom of speech in the First Amendment.

30. Who are members of the professional press called?

- Members of the professional press are called journalists or reporters.

31. Which amendment supported the right to privacy?

- The Fourth Amendment and later interpretations of the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments have been used to support the right to privacy.