CIS Chemistry Unit 5-6

Ion- Atom with a charge

Cation: positive charged (lose electron)

Anion: Negative charge (gain electron)

Ionic Bond: Electrostatic force that bonds to oppositely charged ions together

occurs between metals and nonmetals

metals lose electrons (cations)

nonmetals gains electrons (anions)

Ionic compound properties:

Can be gasses liquids and solids

high melting point

high boiling point

Electrolytes conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Covalent Bond: Attraction of 2 atoms for a shared pair of electrons

occurs between two nonmetals

electrons are shared

Covalent compound properties:

can be gasses liquids or solids

low melting point

low boiling point

non electrolyte

Metallic bond: attraction of 2 atoms caused by a continuous exchange of electrons

occurs between two metals

electrons are continuously exchanged

sea of electrons

Metallic compound properties

conduct heat or electricity

solids

luster

alloy: mixture of 2 or more metals

Bond Energy; The energy needed to separate two atoms involved in a chemical bond

Ionic Compounds: Anions and Cations are arranged in repeating geometric patterns forming crystals

Crystal Lattice: 3D geometric arrangement of particles

Lattice Energy: Bond energy required to separate the bonds of 1 mol from an ionic compounds

larger ions require less energy

smaller ions require more energy

IONIC BONDS USUALLY HAVE A HIGHER BOND ENERGY THAN COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Covalent Compounds: an electron in a covalent bond is constantly attracted to protons and repelled by other electrons

bond length: The distance between 2 bonded nuclei

shorter bond length the stronger the bond

longer bond length the weaker the bond