pharmacology

Vaughan-Williams classification?

a classification of antidysrhythmic medications. There are 4 classes with a 5th one being added for adenosine

Class I: Na+ blockers

Class II: Beta blocker

Class III: K+ blockers

class IV; Ca+ blocker

class V: adenosine

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what do alpha blockers do?

alpha cells react to hormones like epi which will cause vasoconstriction and smooth muscles constriction. Alpha blockers will stop this normal process and will lead to vasodilatation and relaxation of smooth muscles

What do beta blocker ?

What are the different kinds of beta cells?

name beta blocker meds

what are catecholamine receptors

normal Ka+ levels in the cells are 130-140

spurious or redistribution hyperkalemia

A acidosis

I- insulin

D -

S

what does de polarizing a cell do and what drugs do that

what is Anticholinergic medication

what is bruit

how does glucogon help a beta blocker od

  • Schedule I drugs have a high  potential for abuse and have no recognized medical purpose.

  • Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse  but serve a legit medical purpose.

  • The mechanism of action for a drug is  the way in which the medication produces the intended response

  • The pharmacokinetics the medications effects on the body, as described by The onset of a drug is the amount of time it will take for that drug to enter the system and take an effect

  • Pharmacodynamics is what function or process in the body that a drug effects

Pharmacokinetics is the effect your body has on the drug

  • Affinity is the medications ability to bind to a receptor site. 

  • Potency is the amount of concentration needed to have an effect

  • agonist medications bind to receptors to initiate a cell response 

  • antagonist bind to receptors to block other chemicals from binding. This is includes endogenous chemical, meaning normal bodily functions will be blocked.

  • The first pass effect is the process in which your body will start to break down a drug before it had the chance to have an affect on the body. This primarily affects oral medications.

  • zero-order elimination means  that the body will only eliminate a certain amount of a drug at a time no matter how much of the drug is in the body

  • First order elimination means that the concentration of a drug affects the rate of elimination

  • agonized alpha 1 receptors cause vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, and contraction of the bladders external sphincter.

  • agonized alpha 2 receptors inhibits the release of nor-epi, pancreatic enzymes, and insulin. it also inhibits GI motility

Agonized Beta-1 receptors  will increase heart rate, myocardial contractility, and myocardial conduction, and will affect renin secretion

  • agonized beta-2 receptors  cause bronchodilation, vasodilation around the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle.; inhibit insulin release; increase release of glucagon; and casuses the relaxation of the intestine, bladder, and uterus

  • beta 3 receptors increase lipolysis and heat production in fat

  • beta 2 agonist are common used to treat copd and bronchospams associated with asthma

  • Corticosteroids are drugs given to reduce inflammation in the airway and often have many contraindications

  • ectopic foci are sites of electrical impulse other than the normal pacemaker cells

  • Medications used to treat dysthymias are put into 4 classes

  • Class 1 is sodium blockers and lidocaine. Sodium blockers slow the flow of sodium into some cardiac cells. lidocaine blocks sodium channels in the purkinje fibers and ventricles. 

  • class 2 is beta blockers 

  • Chemical paralytic agents provide muscle relaxation by antagonizing ACh at nicotine receptors on muscle cells

  • Succinylcholine aka anectine is a competitive depolarizing paralytic agent

Electrolytes

Sodium

Potassium

Calcium

Phosphorus

Magnesium

Bicarb

G