AP Psych Ch. 13

Psychotherapy (p. 709): A treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Biomedical therapy (p. 709): A treatment that involves prescribing medications or medical procedures to address psychological disorders.

Eclectic approach (p. 709): A therapy style that combines techniques from various forms of therapy depending on the client’s problems.

Psychoanalysis (p. 709): Freud’s therapeutic technique that aims to release repressed feelings by exploring unconscious motivations through methods like free association, dreams, and transference.

Resistance (p. 710): In psychoanalysis, the blocking of anxiety-laden material from consciousness.

Interpretation (p. 710): The analyst’s noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors to promote insight.

Transference (p. 710): The patient’s transfer of emotions linked with other relationships (e.g., love or hatred for a parent) onto the therapist.

Psychodynamic therapy (p. 710): A therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; focuses on unconscious forces and childhood experiences but is more brief and face-to-face than Freud's model.

Insight therapies (p. 711): A variety of therapies aiming to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

Client-centered therapy (p. 712): A humanistic therapy by Carl Rogers; uses active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate client growth.

Active listening (p. 712): Echoing, restating, and clarifying what the client expresses; a key technique in client-centered therapy.

Unconditional positive regard (p. 712): A caring, nonjudgmental attitude that Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Behavior therapy (p. 716): Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Counterconditioning (p. 717): A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.

Exposure therapies (p. 717): Behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid.

Systematic desensitization (p. 717): A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.

Virtual reality exposure therapy (p. 718): A counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety by using electronic simulations to expose people to their fears.

Aversive conditioning (p. 718): A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.

Token economy (p. 719): An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior, which can be exchanged for rewards.

Cognitive therapy (p. 720): Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the idea that our thoughts influence our emotional reactions.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) (p. 721): A confrontational cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that challenges irrational beliefs and attitudes.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) (p. 723): A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive (changing thinking) and behavioral (changing actions) techniques.

Group therapy (p. 723): Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.

Family therapy (p. 724): Therapy that treats the family as a system, viewing an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members.

Regression toward the mean (p. 730): The tendency for extreme or unusual scores or behaviors to return to average levels.

Meta-analysis (p. 731): A statistical procedure for combining the results of many different research studies.

Evidence-based practice (p. 732): Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics/preferences.

Therapeutic alliance (p. 735): A bond of trust and mutual understanding between therapist and client, seen as crucial for successful therapy.

Resilience (p. 737): The personal strength that helps people cope with stress and recover from adversity and trauma.

Psychopharmacology (p. 740): The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Antipsychotic drugs (p. 741): Medications used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.

Antianxiety drugs (p. 741): Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.

Antidepressant drugs (p. 741): Medications used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD; often SSRIs.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (p. 743): A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients involving an electric current through the brain.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (p. 745): A newer treatment involving repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.

Psychosurgery (p. 746): Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

Lobotomy (p. 746): A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients by cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion centers of the inner brain.