1200-1450 - AP World Units 1+2
Han Dynasty: centralized Chinese government with taxation, strong military, Great Wall of china, and the Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven: idea that right to rule was given by teh divine powers and that natural disasters indicated a removal of this right by the gods
Confucianism: Philosophy that focused on morality, education, and family. Very patriarchal. Traditions including foot binding.
Filial piety: Social foundation in confucianism of upholding the honor of the family
Buddhism: religion that was founded in India that focuses on connection with the spiritual and physical world to achieve nirvana
Tang Dynasty: known for technology. Centralized power by expanding the civil service exam, increasing taxes, the equal field system,, standardizing laws and copper coinage, expanding gunpowder and the printing press
Civil service exam: meritocratic exam expanded under Tang Dynasty which tested takers knowledge of confucianism in order to assign government positions
Meritocracy: government system based on ability
Equal field system: policy of the Tang Dynasty to redistribute that land in order to prevent the rich from having all the land
Paper Money: invented during the Tang but spread in teh Song. ALlowed merchants to travel longs ways without massive amounts of gold
Song: commercial dynasty, expansion of the merchant class. Increased trade of silk and porcelain.
Champa rice: strain of rice that led to huge population growth during the Song Dynasty due to it’s far greater yield
woodblock printing: type of printing popularized under the Song Dynasty that helped increase literacy rate
Neo Confucianism: philosophy that is a blending of Buddhism and confucianism, focuses on morality, self study, and nature. Rose in popularity during the Song Dynasty
Caravanserai: roadside inns along the silk road which were a hub for exchange
Compass: allowed for greeted and more accurate sea trade by being a navigational tool that showed direction
Banking houses: Established places along the silk road where money could be kept or exchanged
Grand Canal: Canal allowing for transportation of goods which connected North and South China
Zheng He: Maritime explorer under Ming funded to show Chinese dominance who helped spread chinese inventions like the compass and rudder
Gunpowder: chinese invention that was primarily spread by the mongols which would come to shape empire building massively in the next period
Samarkand: example of a city on the silk road which was between India and Chiana
Korea: During 1200-1400 it was a tributary state of China. Adopted the court system and built embassies for scholars. Confusian education system
Heinan: period in Japan form 1200-1400 when Japan adopt Chinese education system and literature
Delhi Sultanate: Islamic Turkish empire that brought islam to North Indian, ruled over large population of Hindus and imposed a Jizya on non-Muslims
Lateen Sail: sail that made ships more easy to navigate and facilitated trade in teh indian ocean
Monsoon: wind patterns in the indian ocean which let trade happen with the swahili coast
Junk ship: ship that was able to carry more merchandise in indian ocean
Ghengis Khan: Mongol ruler who unified the Mongols with an organized political system based on rank, by preventing the stealing of women, and by bringing in wealth through pillaging.
Agricultural pamphlets: one mongol practice that spread agricultural techniques
Black death: plague that killed ½ of Europe that was largely spread by the Mongols
Yuan: Mongol dynasty in China which had the mandate of heaven but had laws separating them from the ethnically Han people. Updated the road and canal system to revive the silk road. First public school system. Ended due to a failed attempt to take over Japan
Pezza: passport of the mongols on the Silk Road which allowed for protected trade
Golden Horte: Mongol Russian which was the most separated empire. Ruled by forcing the princes to collect tribute. Eventually fell when princes oust them bc they weren't doing anything
Ilkhanate: Mongol empire that had the Persons sun everything. Most assimilated with intermarriage, adoption of Islam, but ended when Khan died of the plague
Srivijaya Empire: empire in Indonesia that controlled the strait of Malacca
Khmer Empire: “7000 cities” in Cambodia which showed the influence of Hinduism on SE Asia
Angkor Wat: temple dedicated to Hindu Vishnu in the Khmer empire that shows the influence of India on Southeast Asia
Abbasid Empire: Islamic dynasty in the Middle East that was known for the golden age of Islam and intellectual hubs like Baghdad
House of Wisdom: Place in Baghdad established by Abbasid which was a center of cultural exchange, learning, and innovation which helped arabic become the language of learning
Abbasid innovations: hospitals, germ theory, gunpowder, printing, arabic numerals, algebra and trigonometry
Dar al Islam: refers to the spreading of Islam as the majority religion, most commonly associated with the Abbasid empire
Seljuk Empire: military Islamic Turkish empire established in Anatolia that relied on Perians for gov and history and was in power during the Christian crusades
Mamluk Sultanate: Islamic empire in Egypt that relied on Persian bureaucracy, established Cairo as a center of learning and trade, and was a religiously tolerant
Ibn Battuta: famous traveler who wrote a book that that shared information about the world with many Muslim people
Judaism: oldest Abrahamic religion with the primary text of the Torah
Christianity: Abrahamic religion with the primary text being the Bible that centers around Jesus
Feudalism: monarchical system that relies on vassal relationships between lords and serfs (hierarchical nobility)
Manorial system: labor force system where serfs are contracted to the land
Inquisition: 12C movement where French Catholic people were trend and killed for opposing the church
Crusades: Pope ordered the European kings to send their armies to reclaim the lands of Israel
Hanseatic League: German alliance that dominates European trade uring 13th to 15th centuries which had standardized taxes.
Maya: state system in Central America that had a lest centralized gov but focused on a warfare culture
Aztec: state system in Mexico that utilized a tribute system in order to control large regions
inca: state system in South American that had large infrastructure support with a road and irrigation system
Mita: Inca mandatory service system to support infrastructure projects
Road system: incas had this to more armies and goods long distances which future commercial growth
Great Zimbabwe: Shona empire that controlled trade in east Africa which has stone cities
Mali Kingdoms: West African empire founded by Sundiata which controlled central trade, famous as an Islamic empire with Mansa Musa and Timbuktu
Timbuktu: intellectual city established in Mali Kingdom that was funded by trade
Mansa Must: wealthiest person in history who spread islam during his famous haji
Swahili coast: east coast cities in Africa that were established as trade cities due to the monsoon patterns of the Indian Ocean trade network
Kilwa: one of the swahili trade cities that gained wealth by taxing trade
Axum: Christian African empire in modern day Ethiopia
Camel saddle: invention that aided trans saharan travel as it made camel transport easier
Caravans: vehicles on the trans saharan that carried large quantities on the trans saharan
Arabic: language diffused along the trans saharan which was also known as the language of academics