BONDS

Bond energy-the energy required to break the bonds in 1 mol of a chemical compound

chemical bond-the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together

chemical formula-a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance

covalent bond-a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

dipole-a molecule or a part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions

ductility-the ability of a substance to be hammered thin or drawn out into a wire

electron dot notation-an electron configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element's symbol

formula unit-the collection of atoms corresponding to an ionic compound's formula such that the molar mass of the compound is the same as the mass of 1 mol of formula units

hybrid orbitals-orbitals that have the properties to explain the geometry of chemical bonds between atoms

hybridization-the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of the same atom to produce new orbitals; hybridization represents the mixing of higher- and lower-energy orbitals to form orbitals of intermediate energy

hydrogen bond-the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule

ionic bond-a force that attracts electrons from one atom to another, which transforms a neutral atom into an ion

ionic compound-a compound composed of ions bound

together by electrostatic attraction

lattice energy-the energy associated with constructing a crystal lattice relative to the energy of all constituent

the atoms separated by infinite distances

Lewis structure-a structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds

London dispersion force-the intermolecular attraction resulting from the uneven distribution of electrons and the creation of temporary dipoles

Malleability-the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into a sheet

metallic bond-a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them

molecular compound-a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules

molecular formula-a chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms

molecule-a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties

multiple bond-a bond in which the atoms share more than one pair of electrons, such as a double bond or a triple bond

non polar covalent bond-a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are equally attracted to both bonded atoms

polar-describes a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are separated

polar covalent bond-a covalent bond in which a pair of electrons shared by two atoms is held more closely by one atom

polyatomic ion-an ion made of two or more atoms

resonance-the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure

single bond-a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons

structural formula-a formula that indicates the location of the atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule and that indicates the number and location of chemical bonds

VSEPR theory-a theory that predicts some molecular shapes based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other