Summary of Madison's Gamble and Policies, 1800-1812

Jefferson's Presidency Transition

• Jefferson leaves presidency after two terms, favoring James Madison as successor.

Madison's Administration

• Madison sworn in on March 4, 1809; faced European conflict.

• Described as scholarly, small stature, weak voice; struggled with internal party factions.

Domestic Policies

• Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 aimed at Britain and France, set to expire in 1810.

• Congress enacted Macon's Bill No. 2, reopening trade; if Britain or France repealed restrictions, embargo against the non-repealing nation would resume.

• Madison viewed the bill as a capitulation, indicating U.S. commercial dependency on one of the belligerents.

Foreign Relations

• Britain's Orders in Council responded to Napoleon's actions.

• Napoleon took advantage of the situation, suggesting French decrees could be lifted if Britain also lifted its orders.