cognitive psychology

Cognition is the mental activities and processes associated with thinking knowing memory

Concept is mental grouping of similar objects, events, and people

Prototype is mental image/best example of a category

Creativity is the ability to produce new and valuable ideas

Convergent, thinking is narrowing the Available solutions to find one best solution

Divergent thinking is expanding numbers of possible solutions, creating thinking that expand into different directions

Robert Sternberg identified five Components of creativity

These are expertise, which is strong knowledge based in a subject.

The next is intrinsic Motivation which is personal passion/interest in task

The next is creative environment

imaginative thinking skills, which is the ability to think new ways and make unique connections

The next venturesome personality Which seeks new experiences, tolerates ambiguity and risk overcomes obstacles

Trial and error is various possible solutions it fails. They try again.

Algorithm is how computers think methodically Leads us to specific solutions

heuristic Is shortcut thinking, allows for judgment and solve problems efficiently

Insight is sudden realization forward into thinking leads to solutions

Obstacles to problem-solving, our confirmation bias, fixation, and mental set

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search info that supports our preconceptions and ignore distort contradictory evidence

Mental is an approach to problem-solving using a mindset processes and methods that have pre-previous worked

Fixation is getting stuck in one way of thinking in ability to use a problem from a new perspective.

Intuition is making judgment and decision is more efficient than logical. Quick acting automatic source of ideas use instead of careful reasoning.

Mental habits make intuition style judgment, simpler, and quicker leads to errors such as availability heuristic, Overconfidence, belief perservance And framing

representative heuristic: estimating the likelihood of events in terms how they will see to represent or match particular protypes

Availability heuristic: likelihood an event how much it stands out in our mind that is how much it’s available as a mental reference

overconfidence: more confident that correct , overestimate our belief and judgment

Belief perservance: ignore evidence that contradicts our beliefs

Framing: wording a question or statement do that it evokes a desire response , this can influence others decisions producing a misleading result