Campbell Biology Chapter 14
Key Sheet
- Character - A heritable feature, that varies among individuals
- Trait- Variant in Character
- True-Breeding - Many Generations of Self Pollination , type of plants Mendel used that were not store bought, found in nature.
- Hybridization - Crossing of two true breeding varieties
- P Generation - Parent Generation called
- F1 Generation - Offspring of P Generation, First Filial Generation
- F2 Generation - Offspring F1 Generation, Second Filial Generation
- Fundamental Principles of Heredity - Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment, made by Mendel
- Dominant Trait - Trait that is most often shown in plant if present, masks recessive trait
- Recessive Trait - Trait that is masked by Dominant Trait
- Allele - Alternate Version of Genes
- Dominant Allele - If locus of gene differs this appears as the visible characteristic
- Recessive Allele - If locus of gene differs this has no effect on the characteristic
- Law of Segregation - 2 alleles segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
- Mendel’s Model - Alternate versions of Genes are responsible for variation, For each character of gene, one gene is inherited from each parent, Law of Segregation.
- Homozygote - Occurs when character is homozygous for particular gene (PP or pp)
- Heterozygote - Occurs when character is heterozygous for particular gene (Pp)
- Phenotype - Observable feature resultant of gene
- Genotype - Gene Combination responsible gene appearance
- Testcross - Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with recessive to reveal genotype
- Monohybrid - Product of True-breeding parents (PP x pp)
- Monohybrid Cross - Cross between heterozygotes (Pp x Pp)
- Dihybrid - Product of dual characteristics True breeding Parents (PPTT x pptt)
- Dihybrid Cross- Cross between dual characteristic heterozygotes (PpTt x PpTt)
- Complete Dominance - Dominance where the heterozygote and homozygous dominant have no discernible difference.
- Incomplete Dominance - Dominance where the heterozygote has. mix in between parental genes
- Codominance - Dominance where the heterozygote has both genes concurrently
- Multiple Allele - Characteristic where multiple allele exist such as Blood Type
- Pleiotropy - Idea that genes don’t affect just one phenotype but multiple
- Quantitative Characters - Characters that are no “either or” but instead fall on a gradient ie: height
- Polygenic Inheritance: An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.
- Multifactorial - Characteristic that are affected by genotype and environment
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